Innovative Strategy Based on a Novel Carbon-Black−β-Cyclodextrin Nanocomposite for the Simultaneous Determination of the Anticancer Drug Flutamide and the Environmental Pollutant 4-Nitrophenol

Abstract

In the present work, a noncovalent and eco-friendly approach was proposed to prepare a carbon-black/β-cyclodextrin (CB/β-CD) nanocomposite. CB/β-CD-nanocomposite-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes were applied for the simultaneous determination of the anticancer drug flutamide (Flut) and the environmental pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The electrochemical performance of the proposed sensor relied on the conductivity of CB, the different binding strengths of the guests (Flut and 4-NP) to the host (β-CD), and the different reduction potentials of the nitroaromatic compounds. Fascinatingly, the proposed sensor exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. The obtained wide linear ranges were 0.05-158.3 and 0.125-225.8 μM for Flut and 4-NP. The low detection limits of 0.016 and 0.040 μM with the higher sensitivities of 5.476 and 9.168 μA μM cm were achieved for the determination of Flut and 4-NP, respectively. The practical feasibility of the proposed sensor was studied in tap-water and human-serum samples.

Highly sensitive determination of anesthetic drug benzocaine based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin–carbon black nanohybrids

“…The peaks at 3110 and 3411 cm À1 are attributed to CH 2 and O-H stretching vibrations, respectively. 16,32 Interestingly, the HP-b-CD-CB nanohybrid displays similar FT-IR features to HP-b-CD and all of the characteristic peaks can be observed. These FT-IR results conrm clearly that HP-b-CD molecules are attached on the CB surface via the noncovalent interaction.…”

“…In the case of HP-b-CD-CB dispersion, the generated black dispersion is well-dispersed and homogeneous, which resulted from the noncovalent interaction between -OH group of HP-b-CD and polar group of the water molecule. 32,34 This formation was veried via the FT-IR spectra of CB, HP-b-CD, and HP-b-CD-CB (Fig. 3).…”

“…28 Importantly, the b-CD molecules can selectively bind with numerous organic targets into the cavities, exhibiting excellent molecule recognition and preconcentration capability. [29][30][31] Most recently, a CB/b-CD nanocomposite was prepared and used for the electroanalysis of utamide and nitrophenol; 32 the experiments demonstrated that CB/b-CD can show the collaborative advantages of CB (e.g., excellent electrical properties, large surface area) and b-CD (e.g., high molecule recognition and preconcentration capabilities). Inspired through these insights, a hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin-CB (HP-b-CD-CB) nanohybrid was prepared herein and then used for the electroanalysis of BZC.…”

Pre-Anodized Graphite Pencil Electrode Coated with a Poly(Thionine) Film for Simultaneous Sensing of 3-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitrophenol in Environmental Water Samples

“…In particular, nitrophenols are largely found in different kinds of environmental water samples due to their easy solubility and high stability in aqueous media. These compounds are degradable due to the presence of strong electron-withdrawing species which produce an unpleasant smell and bitter taste, thus greatly affecting the environment of aquatic living species [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Therefore, the maximum allowed concentration level of these nitrophenols in the drinking water is 0.5–5 µM/L [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Simple, low-cost and sensitive electrochemical sensing of antineoplastic drug amethopterin based on a nanocarbon black modified electrode

“…Nanocarbon black (NCB), a carbonaceous material composed of amorphous and quasi-graphitic primary particles with the diameter range of 3.0-100.0 nm, is being preferred lately by many researchers. [22][23][24][25] Chen et al 26 prepared a b-CD/NCB nanohybrid electrode for electrochemical sensing of 4-nitrophenol and utamide; Lounasvuori et al 27 used pure NCB to detect p-cresol, p-nitrophenol and catechol. Besides boasting the similar interesting physical/ chemical properties with other nanocarbon materials, NCB could be derived from abundant resources with simple synthetic steps, which are considerably cost-effective ($1.0 g/1.0 U), and meanwhile, NCB can be able to produce a stable dispersion without other complex preparations.…”