Inorganic trace analysis by mass spectrometry

Becker, J. Sabine; Dietze, H.-J.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(98)00110-4

Cited by 113 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…Mass spectrometric methods for trace analysis of inorganic materials provide a very sensitive multielemental analysis with limits of detec-tion of low ng g -1 concentration range [117] [88]. A broad variety of mass spectro-metric methods are described in the literature [118] [89], such as SIMS which allows mono-and multielemental trace analysis on solid materials or thin layers. When solid surfaces are bombarded with ions, these ions penetrate into the solid to a certain depth as a function of their energy and mass and the nature and structure of the sample.…”

Section: Element Analysis Of Solid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Attin¹

2006

Monographs in Oral Science

122

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Various assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, measuring microscope techniques, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano-and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding. Chapter 10Lussi A (ed): Dental Erosion. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2006, vol 20, pp 152-172 Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion Thomas Attin, Florian Just WegehauptCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland AbstractVarious assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano-and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel Acid attack leads to an irreversible loss of the outermost enamel and dentin layers and to partial demineralization (softening) of the tooth surface. In enamel, the thickness of the softened layer is estimated to be 2-5 tJm [1,2] [1, 2]. The softened eroded tooth surface is highly susceptible to abrasive wear, and mechanical impacts such as toothbrushing can easily remove the superficially demineralized dental hard tissue [3][4][5] [3][4][5]. For simulating intra-oral erosion as closely as possible, it is desirable to assess the erosive effects on native tooth surfaces. Most of the methods described below need polished surfaces for precise assessment of the erosively induced defects or for creating reference surfaces, which means that the natural, often fluoridated surface of the tooth has to be removed. However, it should be considered that in the case of intra-oral erosion the outermost surface layers are also continuously removed by the acid attack, so that a 'polished' surface is Attin 2 cre-ated. When monitoring of erosive surface alterations within a period of time is performed, it could become necessary to fix a specimen in the measuring device i...

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Section: Element Analysis Of Solid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Attin¹

2006

Monographs in Oral Science

122

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“…GDMS is a direct solid-state analytical method (without any chemical process) that provides reliable quantitative concentrations below the ppb level for most elements. 12) Therefore, in this work we have utilized the EB melting process to obtain an high-purity Ru ingot and evaluated the purity of the Ru ingot refined by the EB melting process using GDMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Purity Evaluation of 5N-Grade Ruthenium by Electron Beam Melting

Lee

Park

et al. 2012

Mater. Trans.

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In this study, we carried out an electron beam (EB) melting purification process to obtain a 5N-grade high-purity Ru ingot from commercial Ru powder. The first step was to primarily sinter Ru powder compact by means of vacuum heat treatment at 1,773 K. Vacuum sintering was employed to ensure a high vacuum condition during EB melting by the removal of remaining gaseous elements between the compact powders. The second step was to obtain Ru ingots by EB melting of the sintered Ru compact. The purity of the Ru raw powder was 99.962 mass% and the purity of a premelted Ru button ingot obtained by EB melting was 99.9873 mass%. The purities of the respective Ru button ingots remelted for 2 and 4 min were 99.9988 and 99.9992 mass%, respectively. As a result, the sum of metallic impurities in the Ru ingot refined for 6 min was 5.3 mass ppm and the purity of the ingot considerably increased up to 99.9995 mass%, which means that a 5N-grade high-purity Ru ingot can be obtained by the EB melting purification process. Furthermore, the EB-melted Ru ingot showed an excellent ability to remove interstitial impurities.

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“…Hence the development of new methods for selective separation, concentration and determination of thorium [22][23][24][25] in submicron levels is still a challenging task. In recent years, various methods for determining Th 4+ such as spectrophotometry [26][27][28][29], electrothermal atomic emission spectrometry [30,31], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [32,33], mass spectrometry (MS) [34][35][36], neutron activation analysis [37,38], X-ray fluorescence [39][40][41] and voltametric, and amperometric techniques [42,43], have been developed. However these methods require expensive instruments, well-controlled experimental conditions, and frequent maintenance and calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Coated Graphite Rod Th(IV) Ion Selective Electrode Based On Thorium Oxinate Complex and Its Application

Arida

Ahmed

El-Saied

2003

Sensors

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Preparation, characterization, and application of a novel coated graphite rod thorium selective electrode based on thorium 8-hydroxyquinolate [thorium oxinate, Th(C 9 H 6 NO) 4 .2H 2 O] complex ionophore as a sensing material, dioctylphthalate (DOP) as a solvent mediator, and PVC as a matrix have been developed. The coated graphite rod electrode exhibits a linear Nernstian response over the concentration range 5x10 -6 -1x10-1 mol l -1 of Th(IV) ions, with a calibration slope of 15.5 ± 0.5 mV/concentration decade and a detection limit of 1.6x10 -6 mol l -1 . It has a fast response time and can be used for a period of two months without any divergence in potentials. The proposed electrode reveals a good selectivity for Th(IV) cation over a varity of other cations and could be used in the pH range of (3 -5). The sensor was successfully applied in the determination of thorium in real (monazite sand) sample. The average recovery obtained is ranging from 97.0 to 93.4% with standard deviation of 1.5% (n=8).

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Inorganic trace analysis by mass spectrometry

Cited by 113 publications

References 212 publications

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Preparation and Purity Evaluation of 5N-Grade Ruthenium by Electron Beam Melting

A Novel Coated Graphite Rod Th(IV) Ion Selective Electrode Based On Thorium Oxinate Complex and Its Application

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