InPouch™ TF-Feline medium is not specific for Tritrichomonas foetus

Ceplecha, Václav; Svoboda, M.; Čepička, Ivan; Husník, Roman; Horáčková, Kateřina; Svobodová, Vlasta

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.015

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Currently, T. foetus infection is treated with ronidazole, a neurotoxic drug for cats and potentially carcinogenic to humans who handle the drug (Gookin et al 2006, Papich et al 2013; but there are already reports of parasite resistance to this compound (Gookin et al 2010). Treatment of trichomoniasis caused by P. hominis can vary from a simple change in diet (Ceplecha et al 2013) to the use of drugs such as metronidazole (Gookin et al 2005), and has no effect on T. foetus isolates of cats (Gookin 2006). In the present study, none of the parameters described as risk factors for the disease were significant, possibly due to the low rate of positivity found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between the two species requires more refined knowledge of the veterinary practitioner, because both species have the same type of motility and similar form. Therefore, the differentiation can not be made through examination of fresh stool, and not through specific culture media, because they are equally able to grow (Ceplecha et al 2013). The importance of the correct parasitological diagnosis between both species is directly related to the therapeutic employed in cats with clinical signs of trichomoniasis, which differ according to the species involved (Gookin 2006, Ceplecha et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Co-infecção por Tritrichomonas foetus e Pentatrichomonas hominis em gatos assintomáticos.] Tritrichomonas foetus, um parasito bem conhecido por seu significado como um agente patogênico transmitido venereamente em bovinos, também foi identificado como causa de diarreia crónica do intestino grosso em gatos domésticos em muitos países. No Brasil, vários estudos sobre o diagnósti-co de tricomonose bovina foram realizados, mas até agora, não há informação disponível em relação à trichomonose felina. Assim, este é o primeiro estudo a relatar a ocorrência Tritrichomonas foetus, a parasite well known for its significance as a venereally transmitted pathogen in cattle, has been identified as a cause of chronic large bowel diarrhea in domestic cats in many countries of the world. In Brazil, several studies on the diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis have been performed, but until now, no study was made regarding feline trichomoniasis. Thus, this is the first study to report the occurrence of T. foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in cats using morphological and molecular analysis. Feces from 77 cats were examined, four of which (5.2%) were positive for the presence of parabasalids. Morphological analysis of stained smears revealed piriform trophozoites showing the three anterior flagella, elongated nucleus and axostyle ending abruptly in fillet, characteristic of T. foetus. In scanning and transmission electron microscopy, identification characters similar to those previously reported for T. foetus were observed. The cultures containing trophozoites were submitted for molecular analysis, which resulted positive for T. foetus DNA using specific primers (TFR3 and TFR4), and all samples were positive and subjected to sequencing in which they showed 99.7-100% similarity with another isolate sequencing of T. foetus (JX960422). Although no trophozoite with consistent morphology of P. hominis has been visualized in the samples, differential diagnosis was performed using specific primers for P. hominis (TH3 and TH5) amplicon. In three of the four samples (3.89%) sequencing revealed 100% similarity when compared with another sequence of P. hominis deposited in Genbank (KC623939). Therefore, the present study revealed through the diagnostic techniques employed the simultaneous infection by T. foetus and P. hominis in the feces of cats. However, it was necessary to use more than one technique for the diagnosis of the co-infection. These results demonstrate the importance of a correct diagnosis to allow an appropriate treatment by the veterinarian.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

et al. 2015

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“…The density of trichomonads in the InPouch TM TFFeline medium from this case, was comparable to the in-house positive control (laboratory culture of T. blagburni). However, PCR analysis revealed that the trichomonads were commensal P. hominis and not T. blagburni (Ceplecha et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Both T. blagburni and P. hominis can be successfully cultured using this method, thus a positive finding for trichomonads requires species-specific PCR for differentiation (Ceplecha et al 2013). In the current study, the single positive case detected using InPouch TM TFFeline medium was P. hominis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey of feline trichomonosis suggests a low incidence of Tritrichomonas blagburni among cats in the Czech Republic

Ceplecha¹,

Svobodová²,

Lendon³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Tritrichomonas blagburni (previously called T. foetus) has been implicated as an aetiological agent of long-term large-bowel diarrhoea in cats in many countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of, and risk factors for T. blagburni among a cohort of cats living in different conditions in the Czech Republic. Samples were collected from 170 cats living in different environments. The InPouch TM TF-Feline medium method was used for diagnosis of feline trichomonosis. A single case (0.6%) with motile trichomonads identified as Pentatrichomonas hominis was found in a cat from a multi-cat household. Our study suggests that trichomonads and in particular, T. blagburni, infection may be much less common in the Czech Republic than in neighbouring countries, despite the inclusion of cats that were likely to be from higher-risk groups. A review of studies of the association of trichomonads and feline diarrhoea carried out in different countries revealed variation in the frequency of trichomonads detected. Different combinations of PCR or culture methods for screening or confirmation have been utilised, with or without species differentiation; however, this could not solely account for the variation in the occurrence between countries. From those studies where differentiation was performed, we calculated from the combined studies that T. blagburni occurred in six cats without diarrhoea (1.1%) and 47 cases with diarrhoea (5%). This finding supports an association with diarrhoea as well as the occurrence of asymptomatic cases. We note that in many studies, including our own, the occurrence of T. blagburni may well be underestimated and suggest that future studies use a combination of PCR screening of both faeces and faecal cultures, with differentiation of trichomonad species.

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