Literary theory has developed with the development of the times. In traditional literary theory teaching, we always adhere to the “literature is the art of language” and “literature is a reflection of social life.” The essence of literature, the writer, the text, and the interpretation of the content, for example, are established on the basis of the understanding of language, in order to understand the world of literature reflect and express, and the image idea is basically not involved. This paper discusses the teaching of literary theory based on the relationship between language and picture, close to the literary reality to optimize the teaching content, carry out research-based teaching, and cultivate students’ thinking ability and practical ability, so as to explore and innovate the teaching of literary theory. For the objective questions or questions close to the objective questions, the machine is used for marking, while the subjective questions need teachers to mark. In addition, in terms of evaluation, qualitative and quantitative methods are used to comprehensively evaluate learners, and a preliminary evaluation table for students is designed.