Insect anal droplets contain diverse proteins related to gut homeostasis

Jing, Tianzhong; Wang, Fuxiao; Qi, Fenghui; Wang, Zhiying

doi:10.1186/s12864-018-5182-z

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In this context, the vegetative cells face the gut defense system instead of the hemolymph defense system of the host. They could face selection pressures comprising an acidic lumen in the anterior midgut, prophenoloxidases of the gut, continuous production of reactive oxygen species, as well as AMPs of the gut epithelium and lysozymes [47][48][49][50][51]. This does not exclude that the crossing of a few bacterial cells from the gut to the hemolymph could cause septicemia, being sufficient to cause host death with marginal gut leakage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Mortality and Adaptation of a Smurf Assay in Two Species of Tenebrionid Beetles Exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Zanchi

Lindeza

Kurtz

2020

Insects

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Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore-forming bacterium which infects insect larvae naturally via the oral route. Its virulence factors interact with the epithelium of the digestive tract of insect larvae, disrupting its function and eventually leading to the death of susceptible hosts. The most cited B. thuringiensis killing mechanism is the extensive damage caused to the insect midgut, leading to its leakage. The mortality caused by B. thuringiensis has been shown to vary between serovars and isolates, as well as between host life stages. Moreover, whether susceptibility to B. thuringiensis-induced gut leakage is generalized to all host species and whether there is individual variation within species is unclear. In this study, we adapted a non-invasive “Smurf” assay from Drosophila melanogaster to two species of tenebrionid beetles: The mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, during exposure to B. thuringiensis. We highlight a differential mortality between two age/size classes of T. molitor larvae, as well as different killing dynamics between B. thuringiensis var. tenebrionis and var. tolworthi in T. castaneum. The Smurf assay did not reveal a high occurrence of extensive gut disintegration in both host species upon ingestion during B. thuringiensis exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Mortality and Adaptation of a Smurf Assay in Two Species of Tenebrionid Beetles Exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Zanchi

Lindeza

Kurtz

2020

Insects

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“…Q-TOF MS sequencing was performed as described before [31]. The anal droplets were first separated by SDS-PAGE before LC-MS analysis.…”

Section: Q-tof Ms Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a classic metaproteomics analysis, it is difficult to ascribe the species origin of identified proteins based on a closely related metagenome [22]. In this study, we constructed a protein database of C. lapathi itself to identify weevilderived proteins [31], and used "pseudo-proteomes" for bacteria-derived proteins. First, a transcriptomic database of C. lapathi was constructed by de novo assembly (Trinity software (v r20140717) [111]) of the sequences from an Illumina sequencing platform (Illumina HiSeq2500) based on pooled RNAs of the larvae, pupae, and adults and was then clustered by CD-HIT software (v 4.5.4) (http://weizhongli-lab.org) to obtain unigenes.…”

Section: Database Searching and Protein Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteins have also been detected in the anal droplets of Nicrophorus (burying beetles) [30] and aphids [29]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the anal droplets of C. lapathi contain diverse proteins related to gut homeostasis [31]. Insect anal droplet enzymes and other proteins have three resources, namely, diet, secretion by gut epithelia or gut microbes, and sloughed epithelial cells and lysed microbes, providing a basis to investigate the interplay between host and gut microbes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Most dominant roles of insect gut bacteria: digestion, detoxification, or essential nutrient provision?

2020

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Background The insect gut microbiota has been shown to contribute to the host’s digestion, detoxification, development, pathogen resistance, and physiology. However, there is poor information about the ranking of these roles. Most of these results were obtained with cultivable bacteria, whereas the bacterial physiology may be different between free-living and midgut-colonizing bacteria. In this study, we provided both proteomic and genomic evidence on the ranking of the roles of gut bacteria by investigating the anal droplets from a weevil, Cryptorhynchus lapathi. Results The gut lumen and the anal droplets showed qualitatively and quantitatively different subsets of bacterial communities. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the gut lumen is dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the anal droplets are dominated by Proteobacteria. From the anal droplets, enzymes involved in 31 basic roles that belong to 7 super roles were identified by Q-TOF MS. The cooperation between the weevil and its gut bacteria was determined by reconstructing community pathway maps, which are defined in this study. A score was used to rank the gut bacterial roles. The results from the proteomic data indicate that the most dominant role of gut bacteria is amino acid biosynthesis, followed by protein digestion, energy metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, plant secondary metabolite (PSM) degradation, and carbohydrate digestion, while the order from the genomic data is amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, energy metabolism, protein digestion, PSM degradation, and carbohydrate digestion. The PCA results showed that the gut bacteria form functional groups from the point of view of either the basic role or super role, and the MFA results showed that there are functional variations among gut bacteria. In addition, the variations between the proteomic and genomic data, analyzed with the HMFA method from the point of view of either the bacterial community or individual bacterial species, are presented. Conclusion The most dominant role of gut bacteria is essential nutrient provisioning, followed by digestion and detoxification. The weevil plays a pioneering role in diet digestion and mainly digests macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then mainly digested by gut bacteria.

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“…There is very little information on insect gut phagocytosis, although proteomic analysis of anal droplets of the beetle Cryptorhynchus lapathi larvae led to the identification of several proteins to support an immune cellular response at the gut level (Jing et al 2018). Moreover, phagocytic receptors identified in the gut epithelium of Drosophila were proven to play crucial role in the phagocytosis of both Gram bacteria, and in controlling hemocele infection by bacteria invasion through the gut epithelium (Melcarne et al 2019).…”

Section: Immune Attack and Immune Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular interplay of the establishment of an infection – gene expression of Diaphorina citrigut andCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus

Bento

Darolt

Merlin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Author Summary Huanglongbing (HLB) or greening is an incurable disease causing severe damage to citrus production, making citrus industrial activity unsustainable in several countries around the world. HLB is caused by three species of Candidatus Liberibacter. Ca. L. asiaticus (CLas), vectored by the psyllid Diaphorina citri , is the prevalent species. Attempts to apply new technologies in the development of strategies for disease and pest management are been made. However, we still miss basic information on this system to efficiently apply the current technologies and envisage the implementation of new approaches for pest control, despite the relevant scientific contribution available. One major gap is regarded to the molecular interplay between CLas and its vector. We focused our attention in the molecular interplay occurring at the first relevant interaction of CLas and D. citri , represented by the gut barrier. We report the transcriptional activity of CLas during the invasion and establishment of the infection in the gut of the vector, as well as the transcriptional activity of the vector in response to the infection. We identified several host genes that are targeted and regulated by CLas as well as several CLas genes that are promising targets for the application of new management strategies.

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Insect anal droplets contain diverse proteins related to gut homeostasis

Cited by 9 publications

References 111 publications

Comparative Mortality and Adaptation of a Smurf Assay in Two Species of Tenebrionid Beetles Exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Comparative Mortality and Adaptation of a Smurf Assay in Two Species of Tenebrionid Beetles Exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Most dominant roles of insect gut bacteria: digestion, detoxification, or essential nutrient provision?

The molecular interplay of the establishment of an infection – gene expression of Diaphorina citrigut andCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus

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