Insect and Scorpion Sting

Wp, Horen

doi:10.1001/jama.1972.03200210038009

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They are thought to have been the first animal to come out of water onto land 345 million years ago and have undergone very little subsequent evolutionary change. This is supported by fossils that have been found in carboniferous rock estimated to be 325 million years old [11,21,48,49].…”

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…They have hard exoskeletons (which they shed with growth); two powerful pinching claws, a five-segment tail terminating in a bulbous structure; the telson, containing two poison glands; and a prominent stinger. As with other arachnids, they have a cephalothorax, abdominal segment, and four pairs of jointed legs [15,48,49,100].…”

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scorpions have a keen sense of hearing, and might have soundproducing structures as well. Species from Brazil and India have been reported to produce sound by stridulation, much like crickets [12,48,49].…”

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systemic effects include skeletal muscle spasms and twitching, paresthesias (particularly of the affected extremity, face, and tongue), impaired speech, salivation, mydriasis, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal distress, hypertension, and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia. Deaths are not uncommon in the neurotoxinproducing species [12,15,48,49].…”

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Papular urticaria and things that bite in the night

Demain

2003

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Whether we are hiking in the back country or playing in our backyard, we run the risk of exposure to offending arthropods. Papular urticaria is a very common hypersensitivity reaction to the bites, stings, and contact with critters such as mites, ticks, spiders, fleas, mosquitoes, midges, flies, and even caterpillars. Children seem to be at greatest risk, although adults are also vulnerable. The classic presentation of papular urticaria includes recurrent pruritic papules or vesicles and varying degrees of local edema. Severity is often related to the host response to the salivary or contactant proteins. Our understanding of the immune mechanism continues to improve; however, our approach to therapy has remained essentially unchanged. Although this review admittedly reaches beyond papular urticaria, it is with the intention of improving the reader's recognition of the offending arthropods, the characteristics of reactions, and the current therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scorpionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Papular urticaria and things that bite in the night

Demain

2003

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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“…Serotonin-producing cells served a defense mechanism (stinging) in coelenterates and in many insects (Horen, 1972;Weiger, 1997). Actions of serotonin on sexual activity and reproduction are seen in Nematodes (Boyle and Yoshino, 2005).…”

Section: Evolution: From Unicellular To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%