Insecticidal Activity Against the Greater Wax Moth (Galleria Mellonella L.) and Chemical Composition of Five Plant Essential Oils

Seed Endophytic Achromobacter sp. F23KW as a Promising Growth Promoter and Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Root Rot of Fenugreek

“…The second major component was 2-Propanol, 1,1′-oxybis-, it is a nearly odorless, colorless, and slightly viscous liquid; this compound is approved as a pesticide in the USA; it is also used as a solvent in the production of polyester and alkyd resins, reinforced plastics, and plasticizers; it is included in the printing industry, in antifreeze, and in air sanitation, since its vapor is highly germicidal; this volatile compound was reported in lemon balm essential oils, which have fungistatic and fungicidal effects against the growth of ochratoxigenic Penicillium verrucosum [ 39 ], and mycotoxinogenic Fusarium culmorum and F. proliferatum [ 40 ]. Additionally, 2-Propanol, 1,1′-oxybis- was detected in the chemical composition of rosemary essential oil, which has insecticidal action versus Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) [ 41 ].…”

The Synergistic Effect of Surfactants and Plant Oils on the Effectiveness of Levo to Control the Fourth Phase Larvae of the Great Wax Moth Galleria Mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…The excelled of vegetable oils over surface-active substances is due to the fact that the toxic active substances in each of the two oils act in different ways in the insect's body and synergize and integrate with the effect of the toxic active substance of Levo in increasing the effect and killing of wax moth larvae, and this is called strengthening.As well as the synergistic effect of oils that dissolve the waxy layer of the insect's body wall and facilitate the task of penetration and entry of toxic active substances into the insect's body as well as its role in closing the insect's respiratory stomata and preventing the entry of oxygen,The active substances in bitter melon oil may discourage the enzymes responsible for removing toxins inside the insect's body, which leads to the accumulation of the active substance of the pesticide inside the body and thus the speed of killing, The excelled of rosemary oil over bitter melon oil may be due to the fact that rosemary oil is more compatible and synergistic with Levo, as well as containing essential oils and many phenolic compounds and effective and toxic to insects, Triterpenes, the most important of which is Camphor (5.0-21%), cineole. 1,8-cineole (15-55%), αpinene (9.0-26%), Borneol (1.5-5.0%), Camphene (2.5-12%), β-pinene (2.0-9.0%) and Limonene, Phenolic compounds are one of the most important defenses against insects.The most important mechanism of the active substances in rosemary oil is their inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which breaks down the neurotransmitter ACh, as well as its effect on the enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase [21][22][23][24] . The results agreed with the findings of Ismail (2017) that vegetable oils increase the effectiveness of chemical pesticides when added to them, as it was found that castor oil has a stimulating effect of the bio pesticide Spintor, which amounted to 51.03%.This activation included two types of effects, the strengthening effect of castor oil (the toxic effect), which amounted to 41.62% and the synergistic effect of castor oil, which amounted to 9.41%, as the killing rate of the third phase larvae of the Khabra beetle T. granrium reached 82.50% after three days of treatment with the combination.…”

Insecticidal Activity of Some Plant Extract Against Greater Wax Moth Larvae (Galleria mellonella L.)

“…Many research has been carried out in order to identify solutions to manage it. (Said, Hammam, & Kader, 2019).…”