Insecticidal effectiveness of naphthalene and its combination with kerosene against the emergence of Aedes aegypti in Ika North East, LGA, Delta State, Nigeria

Investigating the Potency of Camphor Combined With Kerosene on the Emergence of Anopheles Gambiae

“…The highest mortality recorded in the best concentration equates the observation in earlier study by Ojianwuna and Enwemiwe. 25 The finding of this study is in tandem with studies by 16,18 where oil extracts of plants caused highest mortalities in Anopheles mosquitoes. However, mortality recorded in larvae exposed to 0.02% camphor compared favorably.…”

“…Recommendations and guideline developed by WHO 26 in order to test the larvicidal efficacy of insecticidal materials have been used in a previous study by Ojianwuna and Enwemiwe 25 to report the efficacy of camphor and their mixture with kero against the emergence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The bioactivity of toxic materials on specific group of insects is sometimes not location bound, and this present study tends to establish that testing a toxic substance on a close related species is not species bound as this may not cause a separate study in future correspondence whereby the differences in mortality may be close to the prior test.…”

“…5 In order to knock off the agitations for studies directed at testing same substance on different species, this study was conducted to ascertain the prospective differences in mortality with same treatment as reported in an earlier study by Ojianwuna and Enwemiwe. 25 This study used these test materials because they are available, toxic, and relative affordable. To our knowledge, there are no reports on the efficacy of camphor on Anopheles mosquitoes.…”

Unraveling the epidemiology of tick-borne infections in cattle and the potential impact of a novel biopesticide in coastal Kenya

“…Survival analysis on experiments in the laboratory showed that the excipient treatment, which contains canola oil (95%), 0.05% Triton X-100 (1.5%) and Kerosene (3.5%) and without the M. anisopliae ICIPE 7 (active ingredient of Tickoff®), produced mortality effects on ticks when compared to the untreated control (Appendix C). Such toxic effects of kerosene have been reported before in ticks (George et al, 2004), sand fleas (Enwemiwe et al, 2020) and immature stages of mosquitoes (Djouaka et al, 2007;Ojianwuna & Enwemiwe, 2022). It is believed that kerosene interferes with the physiology of arthropods, by penetrating tissues, causing inflammation and hypoxia, interfering with breathing, suppressing the insect immune system, and causing imbalances in hormones and enzymes (Maiyoh et al, 2015).…”

“…The effect of the kerosene component in the Tickoff® formulation is however not explicitly modeled due to the current lack of knowledge regarding the effects of low kerosene concentration. Nevertheless, formulations containing kerosene have elicited mortality effects on ticks (Chapter 4; George et al, 2004), sand fleas (Enwemiwe et al, 2020) and immature stages of mosquitoes (Djouaka et al, 2007;Ojianwuna & Enwemiwe, 2022). It is therefore likely that our model results are underestimating the impact of EPF formulated in kerosene.…”