Insecticide Risk Indicators and Occupational Insecticidal Poisoning in Indoor Residual Spraying

Karunamoorthi, Kaliyaperuma; Yirgalem, Abraham

doi:10.5812/jhs.8344

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Indeed insecticides are powerful weapons in the fight against insect vector of diseases and domestic pests. However, the haphazard and unsafe insecticide application could inflict serious negative impacts on human health, animals and the environment [28] [29]. Since insecticides are toxic in nature appropriate awareness campaigns instructing a safe use of insecticide is quite inevitable [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the haphazard and unsafe insecticide application could inflict serious negative impacts on human health, animals and the environment [28] [29]. Since insecticides are toxic in nature appropriate awareness campaigns instructing a safe use of insecticide is quite inevitable [29]. In 1950, the DDT was very effective to control the bedbugs [30], subsequently the liberal use of DDT, and changes in cultural practices had eradicated the infestations in the developed world [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Knowledge and Self-Reported Containment Practices about Bedbugs in the Resource-Limited Setting of Ethiopia: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey

Karunamoorthi¹,

Beyene²,

Ambelu³

2015

Health

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Over the past decade, a dramatic rise in bedbug resurgence has become one of the top potential public health hazards. This study was conducted to determine prevalence, knowledge and selfreported containment practices about bedbugs in the resource-limited setting of Ethiopia. A community based, cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2014. Selected 260 respondents were interviewed by the administration of a pre-tested questionnaire on knowledge and practices about bedbug infestation in the resource-limited setting of Ethiopia. Overall, 91.6% (238/260) of the residents had ample awareness on bedbug infestation. The majority of them (97.2%) extremely bothered about infestations because of bad odors (83.8%), insomnia (79.8%), biting (66.9%), and skin rashes (56.9%). A high prevalence of infestation (72.7%) was observed. Bedrooms and main hall/salon were identified as potential high-risk areas. Chi-square exhibited a strong association between sanitary status and housing conditions (χ 2 = 40.91; df = 4; P = 0.0001). Besides, there was a strong association between respondents' monthly income (χ 2 = 42.1; df = 6; P = 0.0001) and educational status (χ 2 = 26.01; df = 5; P = 0.0001) with the presence or absence of bedbug infestation. Though the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge, they suffer with deprived practices attributable to deficient resources as well as negligence/ignorance. This study emphasizes the following key interventions: 1) community-based awareness campaigns, 2) implementation of sustainable preventive/containment strategies, 3) educational interventions to ensure translation of knowledge into practices, and 4) the implementation of appropriate poverty alleviation programs to enhance the local-residents living-standard in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Knowledge and Self-Reported Containment Practices about Bedbugs in the Resource-Limited Setting of Ethiopia: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey

Karunamoorthi¹,

Beyene²,

Ambelu³

2015

Health

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“…Indeed, insecticides are one of the most potent arsenals in the fight against many vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria. IRS has historically proved to be effective during the Global Malaria Eradication Campaign (1955)(1956)(1957)(1958)(1959)(1960)(1961)(1962)(1963)(1964)(1965)(1966)(1967)(1968)(1969) in most hitherto malaria endemic countries and over the past several decades, it has been serving as an important component in the National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) in most of the malaria endemic countries (14). IRS is playing a vital role to reduce the prevalence of vector, by minimizing the population/life span and disease incidence considerably.…”

Section: Vector Control: a Friend In Need To Save Livesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Resistance in Insect Vectors of Disease with Special Reference to Mosquitoes: A Potential Threat to Global Public Health

Karunamoorthi

Sabesan

2013

Health Scope

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Arthropod-borne diseases are remaining as a major public health issue in the resource-constrained settings. Mosquitoes are closely associated with mankind since time immemorial and play an important role in the transmission of many dreadful diseases like malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue and yellow fever. Over the decades, vector control is an important element to minimize the vector-borne disease burden worldwide and in fact, it heavily relies upon synthetic insecticides as a mainstay. However the overuse and misuse of insecticides have led to the emergence of resistance, which undermines the potentiality of vector control. Evidence Acquisition: In order to pursue effective research pertained to this issue, a detailed search on Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar and academic premier databases has been conducted between the time periods of 1955 and 2012. Results: Over the past six decades, insecticides are serving as one of the important arsenals in the fight against vector-borne diseases to save hundreds of millions of lives. Consequently, in the last decade we have attained a remarkable success to combat with many diseases particularly malaria due to the combined effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Currently, malaria mortality rates have drastically fallen by more than 25% globally, 33% in sub-Saharan Africa and over a million lives have been saved attributable to massive scale-up of LLINs and IRS. Since, both LLINs and IRS are cost-effective and robust form of interventions; they are serving as a central pillar in the National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) of malaria endemic countries. Nevertheless, LLINs are easy-to-deliver, most economical and practical even in the resource-poor settings, where implementation of IRS is not feasible. The heavy reliance, recurrent and inappropriate insecticide applications are key sources for resistance which is a potential threat to the global public health. Therefore, it has to be addressed immediately to sustain the recent success of vector control, unless otherwise it would become uncertain. Conclusions: Though, development of resistance is an evolutionary phenomenon, it can be tackled judiciously by implementing appropriate and comprehensive resistance monitoring and management strategies within the framework of integrated vector management. This scrutiny recommends the following measures; (i) identification of effective novel tools for monitoring and evaluation, (ii) searching for alternative interventions to minimize the further resistance evolution as well as to preserve the efficiency of existing insecticides, (iii) exploration of next generation vector control tools in terms of nets and new classes of non-pyrethroid insecticide formulation with new mode of action, (iv) building partnership by bringing together the people actively engaged in the vector control, like public health experts, policy-makers, researchers, medical entomologists and insecticide manufacturers, could ideally pave the way to col...

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“…Insect-transmitted diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in many tropical and subtropical countries [5], accounting for nearly 17% of the estimated global burden of infectious diseases [6]. Pesticide-based vector control interventions serve as the mainstay to minimize the vector-borne disease burden [7], by managing vector populations to reduce/interrupt the transmission of disease [8]. However, the indiscriminate and injudicious use of pesticides has led to the widespread development of resistance.…”

Section: Pesticide and Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, occupational insecticidal poisoning (OIP) is a global phenomenon, more commonly prevalent among spray-men that can be a threatening to the indoor residual spray men's health. Their frequent insecticide exposure is a matter of grave concern too which could impair their health as well as occupational competence [7]. In addition, application of conventional insecticides into the mosquitoes breeding sites may lead to adverse side effects in the aquatic ecosystem.…”

Section: Pesticide and Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Major Source of Green Pesticides/Risk-Reduced Pesticides

Karunamoorthi¹

2012

Med Aromat Plants

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Insecticide Risk Indicators and Occupational Insecticidal Poisoning in Indoor Residual Spraying

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence, Knowledge and Self-Reported Containment Practices about Bedbugs in the Resource-Limited Setting of Ethiopia: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey

Prevalence, Knowledge and Self-Reported Containment Practices about Bedbugs in the Resource-Limited Setting of Ethiopia: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey

Insecticide Resistance in Insect Vectors of Disease with Special Reference to Mosquitoes: A Potential Threat to Global Public Health

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Major Source of Green Pesticides/Risk-Reduced Pesticides

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