Insight into CMC-PVA-fHNTs Nanocomposite Hydrogel as an Advance Carrier for Cefadroxil Monohydrate: Fabrication and Characterization/Angiogenic Potential Analysis

Abstract

Controlled drug delivery is a key strategy aimed at reducing both the frequency of therapeutic dosages and potential systemic side effects, particularly in the case of high drug concentrations. The nanocomposite hydrogel systems presented in this study were synthesized by combining carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-functionalized halloysite nanotubes (fHNTs). This hydrogel system is a potential candidate for the controlled release of cefadroxil monohydrate. These hydrogels are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheological measurements. Additionally, swelling properties, porosity, hydrophilicity, drug release, and in vitro and in vivo analyses were also evaluated. The observed trends in swelling and drug release demonstrated that the outcomes are dependent on the presence of fHNTs in the hydrogel matrix. Notably, fHNTs-loaded hydrogels displayed sustained drug release patterns. This innovative approach eliminates the need for traditional encapsulation and presents promising and translatable strategies for achieving more effective drug release.

Nanocomposite Gels Loaded with Flurbiprofen: Characterization and Skin Permeability Assessment in Different Skin Species

“…Starting from t amount of drug extracted from the tissues, the amount of drug retained in the skin discs ( Q R (μg/cm 2 /g) according to the following formula: where Ex (μg) is the quantity of drug extracted, Px (g) the weight of the skin discs that have been permeated, A (cm 2 ) is the effective surface area accessible for diffusion, and R the recovery percentage of the drug as outlined previously [ 50 , 69 ].…”

“…Ws is the weight of a swollen nanocomposite gel and Wd is the weight of a dried nanocomposite gel [ 50 , 69 ].…”

“…where Ex (µg) is the quantity of drug extracted, Px (g) the weight of the skin discs that have been permeated, A (cm 2 ) is the effective surface area accessible for diffusion, and R the recovery percentage of the drug as outlined previously [50,69].…”