Insight into Physicochemical, Rheological, and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Extracted from Antarctic krill: A Comparative Study

Abstract

In this work, physicochemical, rheological, and antibacterial properties of chitosan (CS) extracted from white shrimp (WS), giant river prawn (GP), and Antarctic krill (AK) were investigated. The results demonstrated that molecular weight (MW) of commercial chitosan (CCS), WSCS, GPCS, and AKCS were 1175.8, 2130.4, 1293.3, and 1109.3 kDa with the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of 73.5, 74.1, 82.1, and 75.9%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to study the structural differences of CS. Moreover, storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of AKCS were lower than that of WSCS and GPCS, respectively, but higher than that of CCS. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of CS against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated at concentration between 0.0125 and 1 mg/mL. These results highlighted that AKCS with low viscoelastic properties had a potential application in food and pharmaceutical application.

Antimicrobial Activity of Chemically and Biologically Treated Chitosan Prepared from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Pupal Shell Waste

“…According to the findings of [19], the variation in chitosan yield may have been due to excessive depolymerization of the chitosan polymer, and loss of the sample due to excessive removal of acetyl groups during deacetylation. The chitosan yield obtained was also comparable to other sources, such as cockroaches, shrimp, Musca domestica, and krill [33][34][35].…”

Comprehensive characterization and evaluation of the process chain and products from Euphausia superba exocuticles to chitosan

“…The DDAs determined here by this method (DAFR) were significantly lower at 66% (EA) and 74% (NMR). Yuan et al 14 reported a DDA of only 75% for chitosan produced from Antarctic krill chitin.…”

“…The determined molecular weights are relatively low compared to values published by other authors applying viscosimetry for the determination. For example, Yuan et al 14 determined 1110 kDa for a chitosan from Antarctic krill. In some cases, however, lower polymer lengths were determined, such as 157 kDa by Wu et al 58 The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, temperature, and incubation time can generally have a negative influence on the molecular weight.…”

“…12,13 In contrast to that, there are only a few studies with regard to the chitin purification from krill. Yuan et al 14 purified chitin, produced chitosan and compared the krill chitosan characteristics with the chitosan obtained from white shrimp and giant river prawn. An optimization process was not part of this investigation.…”

Recent Developments in Chitosan-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Environments

“…The traditional chemical methods to extract chitin from crustacean shell wastes involve three steps: demineralisation, deproteinisation and decolourisation. In the first step, crustacean shells are washed, dried, and grounded to smaller sizes [ 42 ]. In order to remove mineral constituents, mainly calcium carbonate, the powdered raw material is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid followed by the precipitation of calcium chloride.…”