Insight into the 3D-trabecular architecture of the human patella

Hoechel, Sebastian; Schulz, Georg; Müller‐Gerbl, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.007

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…However, hand‐in‐hand with the increase in publications relating to bone functional adaptation, which is a bone modeling mechanism, the important distinction between bone modeling and bone remodeling was repeatedly dismissed as a mere terminology issue. This led some authors to address all adjustments of bone morphology related to loading, especially in the case of trabecular bone, as bone remodeling (Dunmore, Kivell, Bardo, & Skinner, ; Hoechel, Schulz, & Müller‐Gerbl, ; Kivell, ; Kivell, Davenport, Hublin, Thackeray, & Skinner, ; Saers, Ryan, & Stock, ; Tsegai, Skinner, Pahr, Hublin, & Kivell, , ; Zeininger, Richmond, & Hartman, ). The aim of this commentary is to elucidate the key differences between bone modeling and bone remodeling and to stress the importance of using the correct term, that is, bone modeling, when referring to trabecular bone structural adaptation in response to loading.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bone modeling or bone remodeling: That is the question

Barak

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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In the last decade, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has become the gold standard for quantifying and assessing the threedimensional structure of trabecular bone tissue. This ability, to visualize and study trabecular structure without cutting and destroying the sampled bone, enabled researchers for the first time to analyze the internal structure of large numbers of fossil bones. Consequently, a considerable body of information discussing the trabecular structure of extinct and extant species became available. Among these data, the relation between trabecular bone structure and function, more commonly known as Wolff's law or Roux's principle of bone functional adaptation, gained much attention (while Wolff's law and Roux's principle of bone functional adaptation are not truly synonyms, this topic is beyond the scope of this communication).The concept of bone function adaptation postulates that bone tissue, and specifically trabecular bone tissue, responds to mechanical stimuli by adjusting (modeling) its architecture accordingly. Thus, it predicts that the newly adjusted trabecular structure is mechanically in-line with the habitual in vivo loading direction. This theory, if found to be accurate, will help us to predict the locomotion behavior of extinct hominins and will bring us closer to answering the key question of when we became bipedal.However, hand-in-hand with the increase in publications relating to bone functional adaptation, which is a bone modeling mechanism, the important distinction between bone modeling and bone remodeling was repeatedly dismissed as a mere terminology issue. This led some authors to address all adjustments of bone morphology related to loading, especially in the case of trabecular bone, as bone remodeling (

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confidence: 99%

Bone modeling or bone remodeling: That is the question

Barak

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…According to the mineral content, the “maximum intensity projection‐algorithm” projects the densest voxel within the SBP onto the surface in a color‐coded manner. Starting with Hounsfield units (HU) greater than 1,200 in black, the colors descended in steps of 200 HU to red, yellow, green, and blue …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In accordance to a previously conducted study on non‐OA patellae, the 3D datasets of the patellae were divided into 21 measuring cubes (8 ×8 mm 2 × SBP to anterior cortical bone) using the visualization and analysis software VGStudio ® Max 2.2 (Heidelberg, Germany) . All cubes were separately analyzed to present a topographical parameter distribution across the entire articulation surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this evaluation, the trabecular bone of the first 5 mm (1st ROI: 0–1 mm of trabecular bone below the SBP, 2nd ROI: 1–2 mm, likewise for the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ROI) beneath the SBP of the produced measuring cubes were analyzed (Fig. ) with the help of the Skyscan software CT‐analyser ® (Bruker‐Microct, Kontich, Belgium) . All analysis were performed using an automatic surface detection system in accordance to the threshold distribution of the dataset and provide a complete inter‐observer independence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now it is possible to determine the microarchitecture of trabecular bone in a direct manner, saving the time consuming sectioning process and the inaccuracy of assumptions . In addition to the common differences in trabecular architecture as function of anatomic position, loading direction, and load accumulation over time, precise correlations to individual long‐term load intake are described …”

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Osteoarthritis alters the patellar bones subchondral trabecular architecture

et al. 2016

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Following the principles of "morphology reveals biomechanics," the cartilage-osseous interface and the trabecular network show defined adaptation in response to physiological loading. In the case of a compromised relationship, the ability to support the load diminishes and the onset of osteoarthritis (OA) may arise. To describe and quantify the changes within the subchondral bone plate (SBP) and trabecular architecture, 10 human OA patellae were investigated by CT and micro-CT. The results are presented in comparison to a previously published dataset of 10 non-OA patellae which were evaluated in the same manner. The analyzed OA samples showed no distinctive mineralization pattern in regards to the physiological biomechanics, but a highly irregular disseminated distribution. In addition, no regularity in bone distribution and architecture across the trabecular network was found. We observed a decrease of material as the bone volume and trabecular thickness/number were significantly reduced. In comparison to non-OA samples, greatest differences for all parameters were found within the first mm of trabecular bone. The differences decreased toward the fifth mm in a logarithmic manner. The interpretation of the logarithmic relation leads to the conclusion that the main impact of OA on bony structures is located beneath the SBP and lessens with depth. In addition to the clear difference in material with approximately 12% less bone volume in the first mm in OA patellae, the architectural arrangement is more rod-like and isotropic, accounting for an architectural decrease in stability and support. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1982-1989, 2017.

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The Neanderthal patellae from Krapina (Croatia): A comparative investigation of their endostructural conformation and distinctive features compared to the extant human condition

Cazenave

Radovčić

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: The Neanderthal patella differs from that of extant humans by being thicker anteroposteriorly and by having more symmetric medial and lateral articular facets. However, it is still unclear to what extent these differences affect knee kinesiology. We aim at assessing the endostructural conformation of Neanderthal patellae to reveal functionally related mechanical information comparatively to the extant human condition. In principle, we expect that the Neanderthal patella (i) shows a higher amount of cortical bone and (ii) a trabecular network organization distinct from the extant human condition.Materials and Methods: By using micro-focus X-ray tomography, we characterized the endostructure of six adult patellae from the OIS 5e Neanderthal site of Krapina, Croatia, the largest assemblage of human fossil patellae assessed so far, and compared their pattern to the configuration displayed by a sample of 22 recent humans.Results and Discussion: The first expectation is rejected, indicating that the patellar bone might have not followed the trend of generalized gracilization of the human postcranial skeleton occurred through the Upper Pleistocene. The second prediction is at least partially supported. In Krapina the trabecular network differs from the comparative sample by showing a higher medial density and by lacking a proximal reinforcement. Such conformation indicates similar load patterns exerted in Neanderthals and extant humans by the vastus lateralis, but not by the vastus medialis, with implications on the mediolateral stabilization of the knee joint. However, the patterns of structural variation of the patellar network remain to be assessed in other Neanderthal samples.

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Insight into the 3D-trabecular architecture of the human patella

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Bone modeling or bone remodeling: That is the question

Bone modeling or bone remodeling: That is the question

Osteoarthritis alters the patellar bones subchondral trabecular architecture

The Neanderthal patellae from Krapina (Croatia): A comparative investigation of their endostructural conformation and distinctive features compared to the extant human condition

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