Insight into the antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties of NiO impregnated MCM-48 for effective removal of pathogenic bacteria and toxic levofloxacin residuals

Enhancing the photocatalytic elimination of acephate residues using Ni0 doped and diatomite-supported NiO: optimization, pathway, and toxicity

“…This highlights the successful interactions that exist between the metal oxide and the reactive surface of the DI. Furthermore, the existence of Ni–O has been confirmed by the emergence of new bands within the spectral range of 500–700 cm −1 41,53 (Fig. 3B).…”

“…42 Excited electrons often have considerable interactions with oxygen ions within the oxidation system, leading to the release of superoxide oxidizers (O 2 ˙ − ). 41 Additionally, the electron–hole pair (h + ) has a splitting impact on the water molecules, causing the release of hydroxyl oxidation radicals. 57 Subsequently, the oxidizing radicals produced, particularly the OH˙ type, promptly interact with the dissolved AC chemicals, resulting in the oxidation and destruction of their organic frameworks.…”

“…The quantum yield, as a hypothetical term, is the number of charge carriers needed to effectively degrade organic molecules by the absorption of light photons. 41,54 Hence, the calculated values obtained might serve as indicators of the efficacy demonstrated by the oxidation systems under investigation in relation to the variables being analyzed. The apparent quantum yields were determined by computing the ratio of used charge carriers to the entire quantity of photons that accessed the experimental setting (eqn (3)).…”

“…39,40 Nevertheless, the utilization of NiO in its separate phase as a photocatalyst is hindered by several technical drawbacks, including poor recovery characteristics, limited surface area, inadequate adsorption affinities, rapid recombination level, and elevated bandgap energy. 41 The performance of such metal oxides can be enhanced by integrating them into blended materials, doping or supplementing the NiO structure with other native metals and inserting their grains within suitable carriers or substrates. This methodology has been proposed as a direct technique to enhance the efficiency of photocatalysis, involving regeneration, recombination speed, excitation efficiency, and adsorption capacity.…”

Biotransformation of the Fluoroquinolone, Levofloxacin, by the White-Rot Fungus Coriolopsis gallica

“…Furthermore, unmetabolized fluoroquinolones are rapidly excreted at up to 70% of their original and bioactive form, and the spread of these persistent pollutants in the environment causes hazards for aquatic organisms and damages the ecological equilibrium [34][35][36][37]. In fact, it is the combination of the non-biodegradable levofloxacin and its affinity to other organic compounds or metal ions that cause harm to the environment and human health [38]. In addition, fluoroquinolones have been recognized as presenting a high to medium risk of favoring the selection of resistant bacteria in treated wastewater and in the most contaminated rivers [39].…”