Insight into the charge/discharge behaviour of intercalation cathode materials: relation between delivered capacity and applied rate and analysis of multi-particle intercalation mechanisms

Abstract

The relationship between capacity-rate, the performance/rate-capability criterion, predicting the (in)active particle fraction, and calculating the optimal cathode mass are some of the achievements herein.

An insight into charge/discharge behaviors of lithium/sodium‐sulfur conversion batteries and their similarity to the lithium/sodium‐ion intercalation batteries: Relation of delivered capacity vs current rate

“…9 Voltage behaviors of the materials, especially the slope of the V-C curves, would change by the circumstance of preparation, synthesis, particle size, and so on. 9,10 The model stated that theoretically ideal voltage is related to the reaction between desired phases in the thermodynamic point of view. [9][10][11][12] Deviation of the voltage from its ideal value is related to extending of undesired (bipolarizing) phases.…”

“…9,10 The model stated that theoretically ideal voltage is related to the reaction between desired phases in the thermodynamic point of view. [9][10][11][12] Deviation of the voltage from its ideal value is related to extending of undesired (bipolarizing) phases. [9][10][11][12] The undesired phases would be generated due to concentration gradient regions at interfaces of the desired phases.…”

“…[9][10][11][12] Deviation of the voltage from its ideal value is related to extending of undesired (bipolarizing) phases. [9][10][11][12] The undesired phases would be generated due to concentration gradient regions at interfaces of the desired phases. [9][10][11][12] The existence of the bipolarizing phases could justify many observed phenomena of intercalation batteries.…”

“…[9][10][11][12] The undesired phases would be generated due to concentration gradient regions at interfaces of the desired phases. [9][10][11][12] The existence of the bipolarizing phases could justify many observed phenomena of intercalation batteries. 11,12 Based on the above-stated model, 9 recently, a theoretical-based relationship between rate and delivered capacity for the intercalation batteries was proposed.…”

“…11,12 Based on the above-stated model, 9 recently, a theoretical-based relationship between rate and delivered capacity for the intercalation batteries was proposed. 10 Its validity was checked by many data of both Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, taken from the literature. 10 The territory of the model 9 was extended to a wide range of the cathode and anode materials with different V-C behaviors (including ideal and non-ideal).…”