Insight into the kinetics and mechanism of visible-light photocatalytic degradation of dyes onto the P doped mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride

Controllable Synthesis of Phosphorus‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride via a Simple Phosphorus Compound Towards Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance

“…For PCN-15, the P 2p signal can be ascribed to two peaks located at 133.2 and 134.1 eV corresponding to PÀ N and PÀ O, respectively. [30] Besides, the content ratio of P in PCN-15 is about 1.81 wt% according to the XPS result, and the mass of the obtained PCN-15 from 3 g DCDA and 15 mg P 2 O 5 (containing 6.55 mg P) is 345 mg, indicating that the content of P in PCN-15 is 6.24 mg, which is close to the content of P in 15 mg P 2 O 5 (6.55 mg). Therefore, the ignorable change of the content of P in the preparation of PCN shows that the utilization of P 2 O 5 as the precursor could provide an easy way to control the doping content of P in CN.…”

“…In the degradation process of RhB, the kinetic degradation rate constant of PCN-15 is about 6.8 times larger than that of CN, and the optimal kinetic degradation rate constant of PCN is about 2 times higher than those of some reported PCN photocatalysts. [28,30,40] Consequently, the incorporation of phosphorus into g-C 3 N 4 could improve the photocatalytic performance significantly. The mechanism of photocatalytic processes can be investigated by capturing experiments.…”

“…The mechanism of photocatalytic processes can be investigated by capturing experiments. [30,40] The photocatalytic process of dye degradation mainly involves three active species including superoxideradicals ( * O 2 À ) hydroxyl radicals ( * OH) and holes (h + ), which can be detected via the introduction of their scavengers pbenzoquinone (BQ), isopropanol (IPA) and triethanolamine (TEOA), respectively. In the photocatalytic reaction system, the concentrations of BQ, IPA and TEOA were 1, 10 and 10 mmol/L, respectively.…”

“…[23][24][25][26] Different phosphorus sources may exert different effects on the structure of CN and further result in variation of photocatalytic performance with the change of phosphorus precursors. Many different phosphorus compounds were used to synthesize phosphorus-doped g-C 3 N 4 (PCN), such as hexachlorotriphosphazene, [21,27,28] aminoethylphosphonic acid, [26] melamine phosphate [29,30] imidazoliumhexafluorophosphate, [31,32] phytic acid, [33] nitrilotris (methylene)-triphosphonic acid, [34] (hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonic acid, [35] triphenylphosphine, [36] (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , [37] NaH 2 PO 2 , [38] NaH 2 PO 2 ⋅H 2 O, [39] NH 4 PF 6 , [40] sodium pyrophosphate. [41] However, these phosphorus precursors may cause some uncontrollable factors that would lead to inaccurate experimental results in the preparation, such as the introduction of non-phosphorus elements into CN and the impact of released gases on the structure of CN, and also give rise to the environmental pollution in the thermal polymerization.…”

Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

“…Various strategies have been developed to address these issues. These include doping with heteroatoms (e. g., B, [41] C, [42] O, [43] S, [44] P, [45,46] F, [47] Br, [48] I, [49] V, [50] Fe, [51] or Zn [52] ), controlling the morphology, [53,54] dyes sensitization, [55] coupling with π‐conjugated graphitic carbon materials [56] and heterojunction construction with other semiconductors (e. g., ZnO, [57] Fe 3 O 4 , [58] Ag 3 PO 4 , [59] AgBr, [60] In 2 TiO 5 , [61] Bi 2 WO 6 , [62] MoS 2 , [63,64] or CoPz [17] ) or conductors (multiwalled carbon nanotubes, [65] polyaniline, [66] or graphene [67] ). The functional carbon nitride photocatalysts obtained using the above approaches exhibited exceptional photocatalytic activities in all kinds of processes.…”