Insights into protein fucosylation in insects

Abstract

Fucosylation, or the attachment of a fucose moiety to a glycan or protein by the action of fucosyltransferases, happens extensively in all living organisms. It plays a vital role in multiple biological processes from development to immunity, and is thought to be highly associated with the occurrence of many human diseases. While the general principles of fucosylation are similar in all organisms, most insects synthesize less processed fucosylated glycans compared to humans. Recent studies in insects show that disruption of fucosylation causes developmental defects leading to lethality, suggesting an essential role in insects. However, because of the limited information available, the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypes remain unresolved. This review provides an overview on insect fucosylation, including the principle and function of fucosylation, the phylogenesis of the fucosyltransferases, and the diversity and abundance of fucosylated glycans. To provide a better understanding of the different roles of fucosylation in insects, knowledge on fucosylation in mammals or other invertebrates is discussed. As the dynamic requirement for fucosylation in insects needs more research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we hope this overview of fucosylation could provide new insights into its role in insects for future studies.