Insights into the Structure–Performance Relationship and Viscosity Reduction Performance of Recyclable Magnetic Fe/Zeolite for Crude Oil Aquathermolysis

Abstract

Elucidating the structure–performance relationship of zeolites and their synergy with metals for the catalytic aquathermolysis of crude oil is crucial for designing efficient catalysts. Herein, the structure–performance relationship between the magnetic Fe-loaded zeolite’s physicochemical properties and aquathermolysis performance is mainly explored. First, the catalytic aquathermolysis performance of various porous materials (Y, β, MCM-41, and ZSM-5 zeolites) was probed to investigate the effect of different topological structures on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil. Results showed that ZSM-5 has a favorable pore structure and acidity, and its viscosity reduction performance is 1.7–4.1 times those of other zeolites; therefore, it is more suitable as a carrier for aquathermolysis to reduce viscosity. Then, Fe substance (such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) was loaded onto the ZSM-5 support. It was found that Fe3O4/ZSM-5 had better performance compared with pure ZSM-5 and Fe2O3/ZSM-5, which could reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by 20.3%. Importantly, the Fe3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst is easily separated from crude oil due to its magnetism, hence it has the potential to be recycled and reused. In addition, the potential structure–performance relationship was systematically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (EL), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). As a result, it was considered that Fe3O4/ZSM-5 broke C–S bonds and reduced the heavy components (resin and asphaltene) of crude oil. This study has a certain guiding significance for developing heterogeneous magnetic hydrothermal viscosity reduction catalysts.

Effect of particle size of zeolite clay included in high-energy diets for feedlot lambs: Growth performance, dietary energy, carcass traits, and visceral mass

“…Zeolite particle size has resulted in changes in its capabilities regarding molecule capture, buffering capacity, and its effects on the viscosity of fluids when tested in closed systems [ 3 , 9 ]. As was previously exposed, there is no information about the effects of ZEO particle size on animal performance.…”

“…Due to its molecular structure, ZEO has a great ion exchange ability and absorbability of several components, such as NH 3 -N [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition, ZEO alters the viscosity and pH of organic and inorganic fluids [ 3 ]. Those characteristics can change ruminal fermentation, absorption rate, and N retention in ruminants [ 4 ].…”