Insights on Phytohormonal Crosstalk in Plant Response to Nitrogen Stress: A Focus on Plant Root Growth and Development

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is a vital mineral component that can restrict the growth and development of plants if supplied inappropriately. In order to benefit their growth and development, plants have complex physiological and structural responses to changes in their nitrogen supply. As higher plants have multiple organs with varying functions and nutritional requirements, they coordinate their responses at the whole-plant level based on local and long-distance signaling pathways. It has been suggested that phytohormones are signaling substances in such pathways. The nitrogen signaling pathway is closely associated with phytohormones such as auxin (AUX), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CKs), ethylene (ETH), brassinosteroid (BR), strigolactones (SLs), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA). Recent research has shed light on how nitrogen and phytohormones interact to modulate physiology and morphology. This review provides a summary of the research on how phytohormone signaling affects root system architecture (RSA) in response to nitrogen availability. Overall, this review contributes to identifying recent developments in the interaction between phytohormones and N, as well as serving as a foundation for further study.

Phytohormonal modulation of the drought stress in soybean: outlook, research progress, and cross-talk

“…Cross-talk between jasmonate and salicylic acid exists, which can interact either negatively or positively by assisting in the development of specific defense responses. At various points along the signaling pathways that result in the control of salicylic acid and jasmonate (Ahmad et al, 2023;Singh and Roychoudhury, 2023) 2.1 Phytohormone abscisic acid triggers drought stress tolerance ABA is a sesquiterpenoid with the molecular formula C 15 H 2 O 4 . It has various biological functions and is present in organisms belonging to numerous kingdoms, such as mosses, algae, plants, cyanobacteria, and mammals (Seo and Koshiba, 2002;Kuromori et al, 2018).…”

Macronutrients for Plants Growth and Humans Health

“…Nitrogen, the 15th element of the periodic table, belongs to the P block, it was first identified in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford, and named "nitrogen" by Jean-Antoine Chaptal in 1790 (Leghari, S. J., et al 2016). Nitrogen is largely found in the earth's atmosphere, accounting for 78.09% of the total amount, and exists as a colorless, and tasteless gas, it is a vital component of plants, accounting for 1.5-2.0% of plant dry matter and Nitrogen, the sixth most abundant element in our solar system, is also required by all current cells, it is a necessary component of all proteins and enzymes and is involved in the metabolic processes of energy transformation (Jackson, P. J., et al Plants have evolved intricate physiological and morphological responses to varied patterns of nitrogen supply in order to manage their development and growth, the effect of nitrogen on the metabolism of essential and non-essential amino acids has been studied (Wevar Oller, A. L., et al 2023), Nitrogen supply affects plant hormonal state, and phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and cytokinins (CK) are strongly connected to nitrogen signaling (Joshi, H., et al 2023), Nitrogen availability is tightly associated with cytokinins in many plant species, and cytokinin metabolism and translocation are influenced by nitrogen nutritional status (Ahmad, N., et al 2023). Research has focused on nitrogen fixing, and nitrogen absorption including genes, genetic, biochemical, and ecological issues, and future possibilities in sustainable agricultural growth (Alam, I., et al 2023).…”