Inspection of electronic component using pulsed thermography

5G hardware supply chain security through physical measurements

“…Cell phones have embedded hardware, beyond the wireless devices, that also have nonlinearity and manufacturing imperfections that might be leveraged as identifiers, including the audio system digital to analog converter (DAC) and the analog to digital converter (ADC) and the camera sensor array [85]. Other possible fingerprint features include IoT network behavior [103], power supply current in both integrated circuits and fully integrated IoT devices [104][105][106], and thermal behavior [107].…”