Instability in mitochondrial membranes in Polima cytoplasmic male sterility of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis

Abstract

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important factor to observe heterosis in Brassica rapa. Although several studies have documented the rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA and dysfunction in the mitochondria have been observed in most types of CMS, the basis of the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes and other effects on CMS remain unclear. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed in the flowers of an alloplasmic Polima CMS system from B. rapa ssp. chinensis to identify genes that are differentially expressed between fertile and sterile plants. A total of 443 clones were isolated (156 were upregulated in fertile buds, and 287 were upregulated in sterile ones). Real-time RT-PCR further demonstrated the credibility of SSH. Among these genes, many membrane protein genes (LTP12, PIP2A, and GRP14) were inhibited in the sterile male line. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay was then performed. Results showed that the sterile MMP was unstable and failed to create a potential difference; thus, mitochondrial dysfunction occurred. Moreover, abnormal microtubules and photosynthetic pathways were found in sterile male cells. Unstable MMP, nutritional deficiency, and abnormal microtubules were the causes of Polima CMS in Brassica campestris. H2O2, MDA, and O(2-), accumulated as byproducts of energy metabolism disorder in sterile male cells.

Early development of the nervous system of the eutherian <i>Tupaia belangeri</i>

“…For another example, a structure resembling the Drosophila fusome which is involved in anchoring centrioles and organizing the primary mitochondrial cloud around the centriole was found during female germline cyst development in Xenopus laevis (Kloc et al, 2004). Mitochondria also appear to be moved by microtubules during merozoite assembly in Plasmodium falciparum (Hopkins et al, 1999), and mitochondrial dysfunction results from abnormal microtubules in cytoplasmic male sterility of higher plants (Li et al, 2014, in conjunction with findings of Zhang et al, 2009). …”

Candidate Reference Genes Selection and Application for RT-qPCR Analysis in Kenaf with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Background

“…Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait and is widely used in hybrid seed production in many crops (Schnable and Wise, 1998 ; Li et al, 2014 ). The phenotype of a CMS plant is similar to that of normal plant but differs in the lack of functional pollen.…”

Identification of gene expression logical invariants in Arabidopsis

“…When the APETALA 3 (AP3) expression level is low, the LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 12 (LTP12) expression level is also low (Figure b, AP3 low ⇒ LTP12 low, LTP12 high ⇒ AP3 high). AP3 is mainly expressed in flower petal and stamen (Bowman, Smyth, & Meyerowitz, ), while LTP12 is expressed specifically in anther and pollen (Li et al., ). This is consistent with the logical relationship demonstrated by LTP12 expression in a subset of tissues in flower, anther, pollen, and stamen.…”