Installation for Determining the Nature of Excavated Material from the High-Capacity Belts of Mining Basins

Abstract

This paper presents a method for determining the nature of the material (cool or sterile) running on high-capacity mining belt from basin of Oltenia. When an electromagnetic radiation that propagates in the air meets the separation surface with another environment suffers, among other things, the phenomenon of reflections (diffuse and specula). The intensity of reflected radiation depends on the optical surface properties of the encountered material. On this fact is based the possibility of identification of certain components of the mixture, if the optical properties are considerably different from other components. The method proposed in this paper is based on measuring the reflectance for different regions of the visible and near infrared spectra for samples of coal and sterile, dry and wet. The system for determining the nature of the excavated material mainly consists of an optical head (reflectance sensor) and an ultrasonic head (remote sensor). From experimental observations we see that the reflectance values of coal can be separated from those of sterile, which confirms the possibility of coal detection using the difference in reflectance. The limit of demarcation between reflectance of coal and different types of sterile is influenced by disturbing factors that occur at the plant operating detection under practical conditions such as: material humidity, the variability level of the material on the conveyor belt, the existence of a light background ambient. The method for determining the nature of material (coal or sterile) that circulates on high capacity belts creates real prerequisites of material excavated in conjunction with the possibility of taking quick and effective decisions in the distribution nodes from the coal careers. Key words: electromagnetic radiation, reflectance, coal, remote sensor, detection.