Instrumental approach to potentiometric stripping analysis of some heavy metals

Jagner, Daniel

doi:10.1021/ac50035a049

Cited by 153 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The solutions consisted of 0. Under open circuit conditions Jagner [3,13] proposed that calomel forms according to Reaction 1. The results obtained by Jagner et al [3] demonstrated that the cathodic peak was due to the presence of calomel on the mercury surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Source of the Anomalous Cathodic Peak During ASV with In Situ Mercury Film Formation in Chloride Solutions

Nolan

Kounaves

2000

Electroanalysis

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In situ mercury ®lm depositions at a glassy carbon electrode at various concentrations of sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid were performed. In the chloride concentration range of 0.001 to 0.5 M, an anomalous cathodic peak is observed during the anodic scan when performing square wave voltammetry. This phenomenon has previously been attributed to the formation of mercury(I) chloride (calomel) on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that electrochemically generated calomel, which forms due to the oxidation of the mercury ®lm in solutions with greater than 0.00 1 M Cl À , is reversible and is reduced to elemental mercury during cathodic polarization of the electrode. It is proposed that the cathodic peak is a result of the calomel which forms after Hg(O) is oxidized to Hg(I) by Hg(II) ions and subsequent reaction of Hg(I) with chloride ions. This insoluble nonelectrochemically generated calomel is formed under open circuit conditions and, not being reduced during the cathodic polarization, is reduced at more anodic potentials. The most stable and reproducible responses of this system for ASV of Cd 2 and Pb 2 is obtained when the mercury is removed from the electrode surface by electrochemical oxidation at the end of each anodic scan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Source of the Anomalous Cathodic Peak During ASV with In Situ Mercury Film Formation in Chloride Solutions

Nolan

Kounaves

2000

Electroanalysis

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“…So the maximum sample time was only limited by free disk space. After the measurement the transition time T as the quantitative analytical signal [6,7] was determined by a tangent [8] (Fig. 2) or histogram [9] method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and versatile PSA system for heavy metal determinations

Bund

Dittmann

Lordkipanidze

et al. 1996

Fresenius J Anal Chem

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An easy to build potentiometric stripping analysis system for heavy metal determinations (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) is described which reaches good sensitivity and precision. Main components are an IBM compatible computer, an ADDA-conversion card and two selfmade electrodes, so it can be realized for one tenth of the price of complete commercial systems. A graphite pencil lead covered with a Hg-film is used as working electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode as a combined reference/counter electrode. Reproducibility and calibration measurements are reported, heavy metal determinations on soil samples are compared with AAS results.

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“…SCP is the actual name that substitutes the old terminology for potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) (Fogg and Wang 1999). SCP is a versatile electro-analytical technique first proposed by Bruckenstein and Bixler (1965) and further developed by other authors (Jagner and Å ren 1978, Jagner 1978, 1982. SCP is a two-step technique: the first step (preconcentration) is electrolysis of the solution containing the metal ions, which are amalgamated on a mercury-coated glassy carbon electrode; the second step (stripping) is a chemical re-oxidation of the deposited metals (Estela et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%