Instrumentation for capillary electrochromatography

Steiner, Frank; Scherer, Bernd

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00551-3

Cited by 55 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] CEC can be categorized into two types: electroosmotic flowdriven CEC and a pressurized flow-driven CEC (pCEC). In the former CEC, the application of either a positive or negative voltage along a column can provide analyte migration toward the column outlet (detector) due to the electrophoretic or electroosmotic flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Gradient Capillary Electrochromatography by Varying the Mobile Phase Composition and Applied Voltage

2008

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Dual-gradient capillary electrochromatography (DG-CEC) was developed to provide superior performance with regard to the separation of ionized analytes; in this method, both the eluent composition and the applied voltage are varied during the separation procedure. As for the gradient in the eluent composition, a shift in the pH is employed to control not only the electrophoretic mobility, but also the retention factor of the analytes. The dual-gradient method was shown to be effective in increasing the resolution and reducing the chromatographic period of ionized analytes. Fourteen kinds of o-phthalaldehyde labeled amino acids were separated within 8 min using DG-CEC with multistage enlargement in the applied voltage. The separation efficiency increased particularly for highly retained amino acids in the dual-gradient, as compared to those in the ordinary single-gradient for the eluent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Gradient Capillary Electrochromatography by Varying the Mobile Phase Composition and Applied Voltage

2008

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“…However, serious technical difficulties, particularly those associated with packing and outgassing caused by frits in packed-column CEC (PC-CEC) [8,9], have hindered further development and application of CEC in protein and peptide separation. With the introduction of monolithic stationary phases, in situ polymerization has obviated the need for retaining frits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrochromatography of peptides on a neutral porous monolith with annular electroosmotic flow generation

Xiang

Horváth

et al. 2004

Electrophoresis

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A new kind of monolithic capillary column was prepared for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with a positively charged polymer layer on the inner wall of a fused-silica capillary and a neutral monolithic packing as the bulk stationary phase. The fused-silica capillary was first silanized with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was then covalently bonded to the GPTMS coating to form an annular positively charged polymer layer for the generation of electroosmotic flow (EOF). A neutral bulk monolithic stationary phase was then prepared by in situ copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of 1-propanol and formamide as porogens. Benzyl chloride functionalities on the monolith were subsequently hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol groups. Effects of pH on the EOF mobility of the column were measured to monitor the completion of reactions. Using a column with this design, we expected general problems in CEC such as irreversible adsorption and electrostatic interaction between stationary phase and analytes to be reduced. A peptide mixture was successfully separated in counter-directional mode CEC. Comparison of peptide separations in isocratic monolithic CEC, gradient HPLC and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) indicated that the separation in CEC is governed by a dual mechanism that involves a complex interplay between selective chromatographic retention and differential electrophoretic migration.

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“…88,89 Porém, existem várias revisões internacionais sobre fases estacionárias monolíticas aplicadas em CEC, 24,29,34,[90][91][92][93] poucas sobre aplicação [94][95][96] e algumas sobre os fundamentos e tecnologia da CEC. 11,65,[97][98][99][100][101][102] Esta técnica necessita de pesquisas e desenvolvimentos que confirmem a sua aplicabilidade e reprodutibilidade, para que, talvez, se torne competitiva com a HPLC. …”

Section: Conclusãounclassified

Eletrocromatografia capilar: contextualização, estado da arte e perspectivas

Segato¹,

Silva²,

Jardim³

2009

Quím. Nova

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ElEtrocromatografia capilar: contExtualização, Estado da artE E pErspEctivas milena pinotti segato, césar ricardo silva e isabel cristina sales fontes Jardim* Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13084-971 Campinas -SP, BrasilRecebido em 25/3/08; aceito em 21/8/08; publiado na web em 26/1/09 CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY: CONTEXTUALIZATION, STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PERSPECTIVES. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a separation technique in which the mobile phase flow is based on the application of a voltage across a packed capillary, which generates an electroosmotic flow that transports the analytes along the capillary toward the detector. As it combines the separation mechanisms of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and of capillary electrophoresis (CE), CEC can be considered a hybrid of HPLC and CE. This review presents some fundamental aspects of CEC and is focused on the instrumental advances of the technique, such as column technology, operation modes and detection systems, presenting recent papers on these topics and some applications and perspectives about CEC.

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Instrumentation for capillary electrochromatography

Cited by 55 publications

References 55 publications

Dual-Gradient Capillary Electrochromatography by Varying the Mobile Phase Composition and Applied Voltage

Dual-Gradient Capillary Electrochromatography by Varying the Mobile Phase Composition and Applied Voltage

Capillary electrochromatography of peptides on a neutral porous monolith with annular electroosmotic flow generation

Eletrocromatografia capilar: contextualização, estado da arte e perspectivas

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