Insulin glargine added to therapy with oral antidiabetic agents improves glycemic control and reduces long-term complications in patients with type 2 diabetes – a simulation with the Diabetes Mellitus Model (DMM)

Effect of insulin glargine on endogenous insulin secretion and beta-cell function in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients using oral antidiabetic drugs

“…Thus, it would be interesting to investigate whether the impaired postprandial insulin secretion of patients with poor glycemic control and an FPG>110 mg/dL could recover if FPG was reduced below 110 mg/dL by basal insulin supplementation. Basal insulin combined with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) is called basal-supported oral therapy (BOT), and the FPG-lowering effect of BOT in T2DM patients with insufficient control by OADs has been reported previously [4]. Insulin glargine (Gla) is a longacting insulin analog with a sustained profile of action over 24 hours that causes hypoglycemia much less frequently than NPH formula human insulin [5].…”

Effect of sitagliptin on glycemic control and beta cell function in Japanese patients given basal-supported oral therapy for type 2 diabetes

“…It is methodologically difficult to investigate such effects in humans; however, the plasma intact proinsulin (PI) concentration, or the PI/serum C-peptide ratio, has received attention as a clinical marker of beta cell stress [1]. PI is the precursor of insulin and C-peptide in the secreting granule beneath the membrane of the beta cell, and thus the plasma PI concentration is much lower than the concentrations of insulin and C-peptide.…”

Two-year glycaemic control and healthcare expenditures following initiation of insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in type 2 diabetes

“…Initiating insulin therapy early in poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may reduce the risk of diabetes‐related complications, including macrovascular and microvascular events, slow disease progression and may provide long‐term euglycaemia [1–4]. Initiation of insulin therapy also has been shown to reduce total healthcare expenditures and disease‐related costs by as much as 57 and 49%, respectively, after initial cost increases following the initiation of therapy [5].…”