Insulin Injection Site Adverse Effect in a Type 1 Diabetes Patient: An Unusual Presentation

Correct insulin administration technique, insulin type, and dose play a pivotal role in attaining glycemic control. An error in any of the steps may lead to poor glycaemic control, which affects the patient in the short and long term. We are presenting here unusual skin findings in children with the wrong injection technique. A 10-year-old male child already diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), presented with poor glycemic control. On examination, we found skin rashes encircling most of his abdominal area circularly. Rashes were round to oval, well-circumscribed, hyperpigmented to hypopigmented to depigmented macules to papules surrounded by a hyperpigmented halo, 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter, painless varying in color from white to pinkish-red to light brown to brownish-black. On observing the administration technique of insulin, we found it was administered incorrectly as intradermal instead of subcutaneous. Proper Diabetes education and insulin administration techniques remain the cornerstone in the management of type 1 DM. We should ensure appropriate insulin administration on every visit.

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“…Sahasrabudhe et al . [ 8 ] reported lipohypertrophy with scars that were attributed to the intradermal injection of insulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assemblage of skin findings in the type 1 DM with incorrect injection technique: A case report

Pujari¹,

Kumar²,

Bhat³

et al. 2022

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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“…Although insulin has hypoglycemic effect, it can inhibit bone turnover; hormone therapy has side effects such as breast cancer, hypoglycemia, headache and flu-like symptoms [7,8,9]. The use of bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters, such as bisphosphonates or raloxifene to treat DOP are costly and having adverse effects such as constipation and gastrointestinal irritation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Icariin Prevents Diabetes-Induced Bone Loss in Rats by Reducing Blood Glucose and Suppressing Bone Turnover

Zheng

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Diabetic Osteoporosis (DOP) is a common metabolic bone disease, characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and destruction of bone microstructure. It has been reported that icariin is beneficial for estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, and alcohol-induced osteoporosis; whether icariin has protective effects on diabetes-induced osteoporosis has not been reported. In this study, a rat model of diabetic osteoporosis was established by streptozotocin injection, the bone protective effects and potential mechanism of icariin on diabetes-induced bone loss was observed. Thirty 8-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group (vehicle treatment), T1DM (diabetic) group and T1DM-icariin (ICA) group (diabetic rats treated with icariin), 10 rats in each group. The bone histomorphometry parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), serum bone turnover markers, and bone marrow adipogenesis were analyzed after 8 weeks of icariin administration. The results showed consumption of icariin at a doses of 100 mg kg−1 decreased blood glucose, and increased the BMD of diabetic rats. Icariin effectively decreased serum bone turnover marker levels, including CTX-1, ALP, TRACP 5b, osteocalcin, and PINP. Meanwhile, the bone histomorphometry parameters, the number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter were turned to be normal level, and the icariin treatment suppressed bone marrow adipogenesis. The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX 2), as well as the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) ratio in serum and bone tissues were increased significantly after icariin treatment in diabetic rats. All of the above indicate that oral administration of icariin can prevent diabetic osteoporosis; the effect is mainly related to its ability to reduce blood glucose, inhibit bone turnover and bone marrow adipogenesis, as well as up-regulate bone RUNX 2, and OPG expression.

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“…The patient should know the steps to correctly and effectively perform insulin injections [10,11]. Most patients do not effectively and properly administer insulin, leading to an increase in irreversible complications in the future.…”

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confidence: 99%

Insulin Self-Management in Patients with Diabetes and Web-Based Mobile Training

Kavurmaci

2023

JED

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Diabetes is one of the most significant health problems today. Insulin is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment as a life-saving treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes and a therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes. Administering insulin correctly and effectively is of extreme importance for patients with diabetes. Self-management in insulin treatment and the ability of patients to carry out the treatment by themselves are quite important for the success of the treatment. Continuous and effective training should be provided to patients for successful self-management in insulin therapy. Numerous training methods have been used in patients with diabetes from the past to the present, and one of these methods is web-based education. In this review, insulin self-management and web-based diabetes training are discussed.

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Insulin Injection Site Adverse Effect in a Type 1 Diabetes Patient: An Unusual Presentation

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

The assemblage of skin findings in the type 1 DM with incorrect injection technique: A case report

The assemblage of skin findings in the type 1 DM with incorrect injection technique: A case report

Icariin Prevents Diabetes-Induced Bone Loss in Rats by Reducing Blood Glucose and Suppressing Bone Turnover

Insulin Self-Management in Patients with Diabetes and Web-Based Mobile Training

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