Insulin Management for Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan: A Narrative
Review for Clinicians

Kieu, Alexander; Iles, Ashley

doi:10.2174/1573399818666220517124752

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Fasting has gained a lot of interest as a means of adopting a healthier lifestyle to prevent and treat cardiometabolic diseases, including MetS [19]. In addition, religious fasting has traditionally been followed by people of all faiths worldwide, but has also emerged as a healthy dietary pattern that can be adopted by individuals [20] with its effects being investigated during the past few years [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Christian Orthodox Church (COC) religious fasting, which is followed by the largest religious community worldwide [28], suggests abstinence from meat, dairy products, and eggs for 180-200 days per year, according to the fasting periods that are spread throughout the year [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Metabolic Syndrome and Religious Fasting in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2023

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Religious fasting that involves abstinence from specific food(s) is part of many religions worldwide and has been gaining attention by the research community during the last years. The study aimed to investigate whether the periodic Christian Orthodox fasting mitigates the changes in body composition, dietary intake, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women. One hundred and thirty-four postmenopausal women aged 57.3 ± 6.7 years participated in this study. The Christian Orthodox fasting was followed by 68 postmenopausal women since their childhood, whereas 66 postmenopausal women were non-fasters. Data collection involved anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary information. Postmenopausal women who fasted according to Christian Orthodox Church recommendations had significantly higher mean fat free mass (45 vs. 44 kg, p = 0.002), hip circumference (104 vs. 99 cm, p = 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (79 vs. 82 mmHg, p = 0.024). No other differences were found with regards to anthropometric data. Fasters also consumed significantly less fat (78 vs. 91 g, p = 0.006), as well as saturated (19 vs. 23 g, p = 0.015), monounsaturated (41 vs. 47 g, p = 0.018), and polyunsaturated fat (8.5 vs. 10 g, p = 0.023), trans fatty acids (0.5 vs. 2.3 g, p = 0.035), and cholesterol (132 vs. 176 g, p = 0.011). In terms of MetS features, non-fasters had more frequently elevated fasting blood glucose (11.8 vs. 24.2%, p = 0.039) and elevated blood pressure (13.2 vs. 36.4%, p = 0.041) compared with fasters. MetS was more common in non-fasters versus fasters with a marginal level of significance (30.3 vs. 23.5%, p = 0.052). Postmenopausal women who follow the Christian Orthodox fasting regime had lower fat intake, and no other difference in nutrient intake, compared with non-fasters. The latter were more likely to have MetS and some of its components. Overall, periodic abstinence from meat, dairy products, and eggs might play a protective role in postmenopausal women with regard to MetS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Metabolic Syndrome and Religious Fasting in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2023

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Gingipain from Porphyromonas gingivalis causes insulin resistance by degrading insulin receptors through direct proteolytic effects

Liu,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Int J Oral Sci

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Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes. Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance (IR) caused by periodontal inflammation, but the functional role and specific mechanisms of P. gingivalis in IR remain unclear. In the present study, clinical samples were analysed to determine the statistical correlation between P. gingivalis and IR occurrence. Through culturing of hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes, and feeding mice P. gingivalis orally, the functional correlation between P. gingivalis and IR occurrence was further studied both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical data suggested that the amount of P. gingivalis isolated was correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR score. In vitro studies suggested that coculture with P. gingivalis decreased glucose uptake and insulin receptor (INSR) protein expression in hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Mice fed P. gingivalis tended to undergo IR. P. gingivalis was detectable in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue of experimental mice. The distribution sites of gingipain coincided with the downregulation of INSR. Gingipain proteolysed the functional insulin-binding region of INSR. Coculture with P. gingivalis significantly decreased the INSR–insulin binding ability. Knocking out gingipain from P. gingivalis alleviated the negative effects of P. gingivalis on IR in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that distantly migrated P. gingivalis may directly proteolytically degrade INSR through gingipain, thereby leading to IR. The results provide a new strategy for preventing diabetes by targeting periodontal pathogens and provide new ideas for exploring novel mechanisms by which periodontal inflammation affects the systemic metabolic state.

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Insulin Management for Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan: A Narrative Review for Clinicians

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

The Interplay between Metabolic Syndrome and Religious Fasting in Postmenopausal Women

The Interplay between Metabolic Syndrome and Religious Fasting in Postmenopausal Women

Gingipain from Porphyromonas gingivalis causes insulin resistance by degrading insulin receptors through direct proteolytic effects

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