Insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and plasma adipocytokines among abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids

Rasmussen, Jeppe Nørgaard; Schou, Morten; Selmer, Christian; Johansen, Marie Louise; Gustafsson, Finn; Frystyk, Jan; Dela, Flemming; Faber, Jens; Kistorp, Caroline

doi:10.1111/cen.13372

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The study design and data on the primary hypotheses have been published previously. 6,10,[14][15][16] In brief, men (age: 18-50 years) involved in recreational strength training were enrolled in one of the following three groups: (1) current AAS abusers (n ¼ 37), (2) former AAS abusers who had discontinued AAS abuse ! 3 months before enrolling in the study (n ¼ 33), and (3) age-matched healthy control participants who denied ever having used AASs (n ¼ 30).…”

Section: Participants and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Abuse Impairs Fibrin Clot Lysis

Sidelmann

Gram

Rasmussen

et al. 2020

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Abuse of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) is suspected to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality in otherwise healthy individuals. AAS abuse may increase the incidence of CVD by altering the hemostatic balance toward a procoagulant state. Studies on the effect of AAS abuse on the fibrinolytic system, however, have either demonstrated a profibrinolytic effect or no effect of AAS abuse, but the overall effect of AAS on fibrinolysis has not been addressed so far. This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of AAS on fibrin clot lysis, fibrin structure, and the hemostatic proteins, potentially affecting these measures in current and former AAS abusers and healthy age-matched controls. The study population consisted of 37 current and 33 former AAS abusers, along with 30 healthy age-matched controls. Fibrin clot lysis, fibrin structure properties, fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) plasminogen, plasmin inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were determined. Fibrin clot lysis was significantly reduced in participants abusing AAS compared with former abusers and controls (p < 0.001). Plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, and plasmin inhibitor were significantly increased in current abusers (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed with respect to measures of fibrin structure properties, PAI-1, and TAFI (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AAS abuse depresses fibrin clot lysis. This effect is not associated with alterations in fibrin structure but is rather caused by increased plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, FXIII, and plasmin inhibitor. These findings suggest that AAS abuse may be associated with increased thrombotic disease.

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Section: Participants and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Abuse Impairs Fibrin Clot Lysis

Sidelmann

Gram

Rasmussen

et al. 2020

Semin Thromb Hemost

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“…The association between AAS abuse and lipids has also been thoroughly studied and it has been persistently reported that AAS abuse is associated with slightly elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of HDL cholesterol. [43][44][45]60,61 In particular, intake of compounds that do not undergo aromatization into estrogen (e.g., stanozolol) seems to be associated with a marked decrease in HDL levels. 43 Although low-grade inflammation has been widely studied in the context of CVD, there is only limited information regarding inflammatory biomarkers and AAS abuse.…”

Section: Aas Abuse Thrombosis and Cardiovascular Risk Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61,62 Increased CRP was also demonstrated in 37 current AAS abusers compared with both former abusers and nonabusers. 60 Endothelial dysfunction is another core issue in relation to cardiovascular health. Two small studies used flow-mediated vasodilatation as a measure of endothelial function.…”

Section: Aas Abuse Thrombosis and Cardiovascular Risk Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male hypogonadism has been associated with an increased risk of CVD 126 and male AAS abusers could thus be double exposed during the course of life. Moreover, a recent comprehensive series of studies on current and former AAS abusers 10,60,127,128 and another recent published study on weightlifters on and off AAS 46 together described an unfavorable cardiovascular phenotype associated with AAS abuse that may persist even years after cessation. Long-term effects of former AAS abuse could in fact be the most pressing issue as we have no knowledge of how an often relative short exposure to AAS during the younger years affects health during the rest of adulthood and old age.…”

Section: Linkage Between Aas Abuse and Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse: The Effects on Thrombosis Risk, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis

Chang

Münster

Gram

et al. 2018

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse surged during the 1980s and is seen in approximately 1 in 20 of all males today. A wide spectrum of AAS compounds and abuse regimens are applied and AAS abuse has been associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular profile. The aim of this review is to critique the collected data concerning effects of AAS abuse on thrombosis risk through presentation of condensed evidence from studies investigating AAS-induced changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cardiovascular risk markers. AAS abuse inflicts a procoagulant distribution of cardiovascular risk markers including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis proneness. AAS abuse overall stimulates synthesis of coagulation factors, inhibitors, and fibrinolytic proteins resulting in both increased global coagulation and stimulation of fibrinolysis. Overall, supported by many case reports and some epidemiological studies, AAS abuse is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. However, to provide clear evidence for a causal relationship between AAS abuse and thrombosis risk, future studies need to address a range of potential biases, insufficient methodology, and other shortcomings of the current literature as highlighted in this review.

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“…Requirements were as follows: male, expressed intention of OX use, six months in AAS washout or never used AAS, and self-report of no drug treatment or history of cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, renal, musculoskeletal, or metabolic disorders [70,71]. This study included individuals who participated in a resistance-training program in the six months before the beginning of the evaluations.…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxandrolone Use Causes Dyslipidemia in Resistance-Training Practitioners

Greboggy¹,

Pereira²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Several of young people and adults make use of anabolic-androgenic steroid (ASS), during resistance training. The purposes of this study were to compare blood and salivary parameters in male resistance training practitioners using oxandrolone with reference values, compare these with a control group in triplicate, and correlate salivary and blood parameters. Methods: In this prospective analytical observational study, blood, saliva, and urine were collected from 22 individuals (oxandrolone group, OG, n = 11 and control group, CG, n = 11), and these samples were analyzed at three time points: before oxandrolone consumption, at cessation of oxandrolone use, and three months after cessation of oxandrolone use. Complete blood count, lipid profile, metabolites, and enzymes were analyzed from blood samples. Salivary flow, pH, triglycerides, urea, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed from saliva. Urinalysis was used for toxicological screening. Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square analysis, Friedman's ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation tests were performed, with significance p<0.05. Results: We found a lower blood HDL level for the oxandrolone group (24 mg/dL) compared with the reference value (>40 mg/dL), as soon as its use ceased, and a return to normal HDL levels three months later (49 mg/dL, >40 mg/dL). We also found higher triglyceride level (177 mg/dL) in this group compared with the reference value (<175 mg/dL), three months after use. Conclusions: Although there were distinct differences between the groups and timepoints, these did not show clinical relevance, as they were within typical values. There was no correlation between blood and salivary parameters, but it is clear that oxandrolone causes changes in the lipid profile of users.

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Insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and plasma adipocytokines among abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids

Abstract: Both current and former AAS abusers displayed lower insulin sensitivity which could be mediated by higher VAT and total body fat %, respectively.

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Abuse Impairs Fibrin Clot Lysis

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Abuse Impairs Fibrin Clot Lysis

Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse: The Effects on Thrombosis Risk, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis

Oxandrolone Use Causes Dyslipidemia in Resistance-Training Practitioners

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