Insulins for the long term management of diabetes mellitus in dogs: a review

Shiel, Robert E.; Mooney, Carmel T.

doi:10.1186/s40575-022-00114-9

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The principal exclusion criteria were as follows: dogs with chronic kidney disease (IRIS stage >2), dogs evaluated for hypotension, dogs receiving diuretics, dogs with proven pregnancy and dogs that had taken prescription drugs or over‐the‐counter drugs within 14 days before the start of the test (administration of the test product) and whose drugs were judged by the investigator to affect the test or affect safety were excluded. By applying the above criteria, the study was ultimately conducted on 19 dogs out of 38 dogs who wished to participate in the study (Shiel & Mooney, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add‐on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study

An,

Choi,

Choi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti‐hyperglycaemic agents.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and the adjuvant glycaemic control effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor, DWP16001, in diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment.MethodsNineteen diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment (NPH, porcine lente and glargine insulin) were divided into two groups according to dosing frequency: DWP TOD group (n = 10) and DWP SID group (n = 9). In the DWP TOD group, 0.025 mg/kg of DWP16001 was administered once every 3 days, whereas, in the DWP SID group, 0.025 mg/kg of DWP16001 was administered once a day. Food intake was maintained during the trial period. Hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis or unexpected life‐threatening reactions were assessed as adverse effects before and after DWP16001 administration. We compared insulin requirement reduction and blood glucose level control between two groups.ResultsNo specific adverse effects were observed during the clinical trial, and haematological parameter remained unchanged. Moreover, the fasting glucose levels and daily insulin dose in the DWP TOD group were lower than the pre‐administration values, but not significantly different for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, fructosamine and insulin dose decreased significantly in the DWP SID group compared to the DWP TOD group at 8 weeks (p < 0.05) without affecting food consumption. Among these patients, 10 patients were monitored while receiving DWP16001 for 12 months (DWP TOD group n = 5, DWP SID group n = 5). The fasting glucose and fructosamine levels and daily insulin dose were reduced in both groups at 12 months compared with those before receiving DWP16001.ConclusionWhen DWP16001, an SGLT2 inhibitor, was supplied to dogs with type 1 diabetes, no adverse effects were observed, and it was confirmed that the administered insulin dose can be reduced in controlling blood glucose.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add‐on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study

An,

Choi,

Choi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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show abstract

“…In this way, it is difficult to assume a general standardized suggestion regarding the initial insulin dose in IRD cases since the patient’s insulin-resistance degree (i.e., presence of interferences of insulin action on target cells) and residual beta-cell secretory capacity are unknown. Starting doses of insulin recommended in actual guidelines can be used according to the veterinarian’s description [ 29 , 124 , 132 , 133 ]. Dietary management of patients with diabetes is also highly advisable and has serial benefits for the patient [ 29 , 124 ].…”

Section: How To Best Manage Progesterone-related Diabetes Mellitus?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone-Related Diabetes Mellitus in the Bitch: Current Knowledge, the Role of Pyometra, and Relevance in Practice

Pöppl,

Lopes,

Nogueira

et al. 2024

Animals

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Progesterone-related diabetes mellitus (PRDM) in dogs is known for its particular potential for diabetes remission. This narrative review aims to provide relevant detailed information on (1) the canine estrus cycle and its impact on canine diabetes mellitus (CDM) etiology and management, (2) the role of pyometra as a further cause of insulin resistance, and (3) useful individual therapeutic and preventive strategies. PRDM is recognized due to diestrus, exogenous progestogen exposure, pregnancy, and P4-production ovarian dysfunction. Pyometra represents additional inflammatory and septic negative influence on insulin sensitivity, and its diagnosis associated with CDM is therapeutically challenging. The estrus cycle’s hormone fluctuations seem to modulate peripheric insulin sensibility by influencing insulin receptor (IR) affinity and its binding capacity, as well as modulating tyrosine kinase activity. Pyometra was shown to negatively influence IR compensatory mechanisms to insulin resistance causing glucose intolerance. Spaying and pregnancy termination may cause diabetes remission in PRDM cases in a median time of 10 days (1–51). Pharmacological annulment of progesterone effects may benefit patients unable to undergo surgery; however, remission chances are virtually null. The ALIVE (Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology) project proposed new criteria for CDM diagnoses and subclinical diabetes recognition. These new concepts may increase the frequency of a PRDM diagnosis and, even more, its relevance. Spaying represents a preventive measure against pyometra and PRDM that should be individually assessed in light of its recognized benefits and harms.

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“…Rats and mice are commonly used as animal models; however, larger animals such as dogs or pigs have also been studied 24,25 . With the advent of gene editing technology, knockout rodents have become a powerful tool for analysing specific gene functions.…”

Section: Dm Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats and mice are commonly used as animal models; however, larger animals such as dogs or pigs have also been studied. 24,25 With the advent of gene editing technology, knockout rodents have become a powerful tool for analysing specific gene functions. Moreover, owing to the high cost of large animal models, gene editing technology is widely used in rodents, such as the db/db diabetic mouse model.…”

Section: Dm Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical study of diabetic foot ulcers: From pathogenesis to vivo/vitro models and clinical therapeutic transformation

Wang

Fan

et al. 2023

International Wound Journal

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Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a common intractable chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), has a prevalence of up to 25%, with more than 17% of the affected patients at risk of amputation or even death. Vascular risk factors, including vascular stenosis or occlusion, dyslipidemia, impaired neurosensory and motor function, and skin infection caused by trauma, all increase the risk of DFU in patients with diabetes. Therefore, diabetic foot is not a single pathogenesis. Preclinical studies have contributed greatly to the pathogenesis determination and efficacy evaluation of DFU. Many therapeutic tools are currently being investigated using DFU animal models for effective clinical translation. However, preclinical animal models that completely mimic the pathogenesis of DFU remain unexplored. Therefore, in this review, the preparation methods and evaluation criteria of DFU animal models with three major pathological mechanisms: neuropathy, angiopathy and DFU infection were discussed in detail. And the advantages and disadvantages of various DFU animal models for clinical sign simulation. Furthermore, the current status of vitro models of DFU and some preclinical studies have been transformed into clinical treatment programs, such as medical dressings, growth factor therapy, 3D bioprinting and pre‐vascularization, Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment. However, because of the complexity of the pathological mechanism of DFU, the clinical transformation of DFU model still faces many challenges. We need to further optimize the existing preclinical studies of DFU to provide an effective animal platform for the future study of pathophysiology and clinical treatment of DFU.

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Insulins for the long term management of diabetes mellitus in dogs: a review

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add‐on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study

Effect of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add‐on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study

Progesterone-Related Diabetes Mellitus in the Bitch: Current Knowledge, the Role of Pyometra, and Relevance in Practice

Preclinical study of diabetic foot ulcers: From pathogenesis to vivo/vitro models and clinical therapeutic transformation

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