Intake Shaft Grout Curtain for the Niagara Tunnel Project

Gurpersaud, Naresh; Chuaqui, Marcelo; Lees, Daniel; Lam, W.L.; Hu, Frank B.

doi:10.1061/9780784412350.0073

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…At present, the grouting materials used in the tunnel are mainly single-liquid cement slurry, double-liquid cement slurry and ultra-fine cement slurry [46]. The diffusion range of grouting was studied by numerical simulations [47,48]. The grouting time determination was mainly based on cylindrical diffusion theory and spherical diffusion theory [49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Construction and Reinforcement Technology of Dolomite Sanding Tunnel

Wang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The No. 2 conduit of the Xiaopu Tunnel in the Yuxi section of central Yunnan’s water diversion project is taken as the research object, starting from the geological conditions along with the characteristics, formation mechanism and evolutionary model of dolomite sanding. This paper discusses the engineering problems of the project’s tunnels with dolomite sanding in the water-rich section, and its corresponding engineering reinforcement plan. It was found that in the tunnel section with normal level of dolomite sanding, there was no water seepage, where measures such as advanced small conduit, mechanical excavation, short grubbing and strong support could all be adopted for safe passage. Even in the water seepage section of the weak dolomite sanding tunnel, the surrounding rock was found in close interlock with strong self-stability. The excavation and support were implemented according to the category of normal surrounding rock. In the water-rich sections with strong and intense dolomite sanding, gushing of water and sand were quite frequent, with developed fissures, broken rock masses and rich waters. During the engineering operation, phosphoric acid and sodium silicate slurry in addition to urea formaldehyde resin and oxalic acid slurry plus Malisan and liquid catalyst slurry were first prepared for water plugging. Then, pure water slurry was used for surrounding rock reinforcement, which exerted an excellent effect. This method can provide reference for reinforcing tunnels of sandy dolomite in other areas of projects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Construction and Reinforcement Technology of Dolomite Sanding Tunnel

Wang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Drilling and Grouting Works for Pressurised Groundwater Conditions of the Semmering Base Tunnel

Wannenmacher

Entfellner

Hauer³

2022

Geotech Geol Eng

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The Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT), with a total length of 27.3 km, is one of the leading construction projects of the Baltic-Adriatic Railway Network. The tunnel connects the two federal provinces of Lower Austria and Styria and cuts through the eastern part of the Alps. The construction lot SBT 1.1-Tunnel Gloggnitz is characterized by a complex geological- and hydro-geological architecture containing alternating competent geological structures, major fault zones, and corresponding geological transition zones. There are three main water-bearing formations at the construction lot SBT 1.1: (a) Karst-prone blocky limestone with an initial water pressure of 10 bar. The discontinuities form a highly permeable interconnected joint network with a significant storage coefficient of the groundwater table. (b) Massive to blocky dolomite with an initial water pressure of 25 bar. The systematic discontinuities and disturbed zones of subsidiary structures with karst form a permeable, interconnected joint network. (c) The transition zone of the limestone to base structure marks the most challenging area for consolidation- and sealing grouting. Weak fault rocks characterize transition zones with intense fracturing. However, as subjected to high groundwater pressure of 10 bar, these zones are associated with the potential of flowing ground conditions. Based on the overall project requirements, specific drilling- and grouting methods and materials for pre-excavation grouting have been established and successfully implemented in the construction process. The innovations include a Standpipe-Packer substituting a conventional steel standpipe, a specifically cased drilling system with grouting inserts to prevent erosion within the borehole and allow for defined grouting. In addition, this Grouting-Pipe system replaces standard tube-à-manchettes and controls the flushing while drilling with preventers. Finally, a combined cement-polyurethane grout mix (Hybrid Grout) was implemented to stabilize the grout. The implementation of these measures will be discussed in detail, and their benefits to the construction process will be highlighted.

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