Integrated Analysis of Young Swimmers’ Sprint Performance

Silva, Ana Filipa; Figueiredo, Pedro; Ribeiro, João; Alves, Francisco; Vilas‐Boas, João Paulo; Seifert, Ludovic; Fernandes, Ricardo J.

doi:10.1123/mc.2018-0014

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…All tested variables were correlated with the 400-m front crawl performance in each testing moment, confirming the importance of anthropometric, biomechanical, and physiological variables for this event in child swimmers [11,12,13]. It is interesting that SI, a recognized practical and valid index of technical efficiency that improves with swimming training progression [5,7], showed the best correlation with the 400-m speed. It should also be considered that SI was a significant determinant of performance change in all testing moments, which is in agreement with previous findings indicating that the periodization structure affects the importance of various variables on competitive performance [4,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The year-plan is normally divided into shorter periods, the macrocycles. Performance changes occurring within a year-plan or a macrocycle in child swimmers may be attributed to a combination of factors such as anthropometry, biomechanics/technique, hydrodynamic, and physiological/energetic changes that may be critical in some training periods but not in others depending on the periodization applied [3,4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Biomechanical Evaluation of a Training Macrocycle in Children Swimmers

Ferreira

Carvalho

Monteiro

et al. 2019

Sports

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Physiological responses related to 400-m front crawl performance were examined in a 11-week training macrocycle in children 11.6 ± 1.2 years old. Fourteen girls and twenty-nine boys completed a maximum intensity 400-m test, at the beginning (Τ1) and at the end of four weeks of general preparation (Τ2), four weeks of specific preparation (Τ3), and three weeks of the competitive period (Τ4). Blood lactate (La), blood glucose (Glu) and heart rate were measured post effort. Stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and stroke index (SI) were measured during the test. The 400-m time was decreased at T2, T3, and T4 compared to T1 by 4.2 ± 4.9, 7.5 ± 7.0, and 8.6 ± 7.3% (p < 0.05) and at T3 and T4 compared to T2 by 3.1 ± 4.3 and 4.2 ± 4.6%, respectively (p < 0.05). La was not different between tests (p > 0.05) and Glu was decreased at T3 compared to other testing moments (p < 0.05). SR, SL, and SI were higher at T3 and T4 compared to T1 (p < 0.05). SL and SI were also increased at T4 compared to T2 (p < 0.05). Performance changes from T1 to T2 were related to SL and SI changes (r = 0.45 and 0.83, p < 0.05), and subsequent changes between T2 to T3 were related to SR, SI, La, and Glu changes (r = 0.48, 0.68, 0.34, and 0.42, p < 0.05). Performance change from T3 to T4 was related to SL, SI, and La modifications (r = 0.34, 0.70, and 0.53, p < 0.05). Performance gains may be related to various biomechanical or physiological changes according to training macrocycle structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Biomechanical Evaluation of a Training Macrocycle in Children Swimmers

Ferreira

Carvalho

Monteiro

et al. 2019

Sports

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“…An overall difference in motor performance between sexes has been well-established, especially for ballistic speed (51,52). The observed sex differences are therefore expected and indicate that such differences are detectable with a smart device-based, portable movement battery deployed in a mobile, vehicular lab setting.…”

Section: Motor Impairment Is Similar Between Men and Womenmentioning

confidence: 77%

Acute Effects of Cannabis Concentrate on Motor Control and Speed: Smartphone-Based Mobile Assessment

et al. 2021

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Background: The use of cannabis concentrate is dramatically rising and sparking major safety concerns. Cannabis concentrate contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potencies up to 90%, yet there has been little research on motor impairment after concentrate use (commonly referred to as “dabbing”). This study measured postural control and motor speed after the use of high potency concentrates in males and females.Methods: Experienced concentrate users (N = 65, Female: 46%, 17 ± 11 days/month of concentrate use) were assessed for motor performance in a mobile laboratory before, immediately after, and 1 h after ad-libitum cannabis concentrate use. Plasma levels of THC were obtained via venipuncture at each timepoint. We used a remotely deployable motor performance battery to assess arm and leg movement speed, index finger tapping rate, and balance. The sensors on a smart device (iPod Touch) attached to the participant provided quantitative measures of movement.Results: Arm speed slowed immediately after concentrate use and remained impaired after 1 h (p < 0.001), leg speed slowed 1 h after use (p = 0.033), and balance decreased immediately after concentrate use (eyes open: p = 0.017, eyes closed: p = 0.013) but not at 1 h post-use. These effects were not different between sexes and there was no effect of concentrate use on finger tapping speed. Acute changes in THC plasma levels after use of concentrates were minimally correlated with acute changes in balance performance.Conclusions: Use of cannabis concentrates in frequent users impairs movement speed and balance similarly in men and women. The motor impairment is largely uncorrelated with the change in THC plasma levels. These results warrant further refinement of cannabis impairment testing and encourage caution related to use of cannabis concentrates in work and driving settings.

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“…Flexibility and anthropometric traits may provide further key performance indicators for competitive lifesavers. Specific shoulder, hip, and ankle flexibility are important contributors to performance and injury prevention in Olympic swimmers [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Additionally, successful swimmers are tall, with a large arm span [ 19 ] that contribute to low drag and high propelling efficiency [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Performance Indicators Related to Strength, Endurance, Flexibility, Anthropometrics, and Swimming Performance for Competitive Aquatic Lifesaving

Reichmuth

Olstad

Born

2021

IJERPH

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The aim of the study was to investigate key performance indicators for the individual pool-based disciplines of competitive lifesaving regarding strength, flexibility, sprint and endurance swimming performance, anthropometric characteristics, and technical skills specific to competitive lifesaving. Data were collected from Swiss national team members (seven males: age 19 ± 2 yrs, body mass 77 ± 11 kg, body height 177 ± 7 cm and seven females age 21 ± 5 yrs, body mass 64 ± 6 kg, body height 171 ± 4 cm) competing at the 2019 European lifesaving championships. Potential key performance indicators were assessed with race times derived from the 2019 long-course season using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Large and significant correlations showed that sprint, i.e., 50 m freestyle performance (r ≥ 0.770), was related to race time of all pool-based disciplines, rather than endurance swimming performance. Additionally, significant correlations revealed upper body strength, i.e., bench press (r ≥ −0.644) and pull (r ≥ −0.697), and leg strength (r ≥ −0.627) as key performance indicators. Importance of the lifesaving-specific skills, anthropometric characteristics, and core strength varied between the disciplines. Flexibility was not significantly related to race times of competitive lifesaving. The present study showed that sprint swimming performance, upper body, and leg strength are particularly important for competitive lifesaving. As other physical and technical requirements varied between the pool-based disciplines, coaches may use the present key performance indicators to establish training guidelines and conditioning programs as well as prioritize skill acquisition in training to specifically prepare athletes for their main disciplines.

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Integrated Analysis of Young Swimmers’ Sprint Performance

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Physiological and Biomechanical Evaluation of a Training Macrocycle in Children Swimmers

Physiological and Biomechanical Evaluation of a Training Macrocycle in Children Swimmers

Acute Effects of Cannabis Concentrate on Motor Control and Speed: Smartphone-Based Mobile Assessment

Key Performance Indicators Related to Strength, Endurance, Flexibility, Anthropometrics, and Swimming Performance for Competitive Aquatic Lifesaving

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