Integrated Approach to the Problems of Dye Wastewater by Sonolysis and Biological Treatment

Abstract

The degradation of a reactive dye by combined sonolysis (40 kHz) and biodegradation was studied using Acid red (AR 66) as a model dye. The combined action of ultrasound and biodegradation using Bacillus subtilis was characterized as a function of dye concentration, pH and temperature. Under optimum conditions, AR 66 could be completely degraded within 10 h. The COD analysis was performed and was found that about 90-95% COD reduction was achieved by this hybrid technique. The biodegradation data for AR 66 were fitted to Bridge-Haldane equation with good correlation.

Biodegradation of the Azo Dyes Direct Red 81 and Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B by Wild Strains of Yeasts Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Naganishia diffluens

“…Physical and chemical methods of dyes treatment such as adsorption, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation and flocculation, zonation, photolysis, ion pair extraction, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (Fenton's reaction) etc., have been evaluated for the removal of color from industrial effluent (Das et al, 2016). However, application of each of these methods has been found to have several shortcomings such as excess amount of chemical usage or sludge generation with obvious disposal problems; costly plant requirements or operating expenses; lack of effective color reduction, particularly for sulfonated azo dyes; and sensitivity to a variable wastewater input (Fayidh et al, 2011).…”

Function Regarding Biosorption in the Environmental Washing

“…This presence connected with dangerous contaminants from the discharge wastewaters usually contaminates the outer lining h2o as well as earth. Carbon dioxide connected with water as well as earth can be a world-wide issue that will may lead to customer base as well as build up connected with harmful substances throughout food chains plus injury to the natural world connected with damaged habitats [4]. Land contamination happens any time substances are generally unveiled purposely, simply by spill or underground loss.…”

Current Strategies Involved in Biofuel Production from Plants and Algae

“…Pollution of different environments is due to human activities in recent years [2]. Today's highly industrialized environment is charged with a multitude of potentially toxic chemicals [3]. Environmental pollution caused by the release of a wide range of compounds as a consequence of industrial progress has now assumed serious proportions [4].…”