“…Except for well-funded independent academic research institutes that were able to decouple and outsource large scale fabrication (Bhooshan et al, 2022;Pérez et al, 2022;Gil Pérez, Guo and Knippers, no date) and studios that focused exclusively on digital architectural optimizations (Szentesi- Nejur, De Luca and Nejur, 2021), the advent of sanitary restrictions in spring of 2020 sent teaching studios focusing on collaborative learning by making and digital fabrication scrambling in search of alternative organisational structures. Institutions had to compensate for increased coordination time and limited material availability, access to fabrication tools and assembly space.…”