Integrated collector storage solar water heater under partial vacuum

Souliotis, Manolis; Papaefthimiou, Spiros; Caouris, Y.G.; Zacharopoulos, Aggelos; Quinlan, Patrick; Smyth, Mervyn

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.074

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The convective thermal losses of the tanks are reduced since an air space between the inverted absorbing surfaces and the reflectors is trapped. 17 As a result, the total dimensions of the TTS-C models, mainly their depths, are larger enough compared with the dimensions of the TTS-A and TTS-B models. The reflectors of the TTS-C type models consist reflectors (ABC) for TTS-C1 and (ABC 1 ) for TTS-C2 and also of a smaller reflector, (C′A′) for both models.…”

Section: Design Description and Geometric Analysis Of Tts-c Type Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CPC‐type reflectors which are incorporated in the TTS‐C type models are indicated in Figure and are different compared with those of the TTS‐A and TTS‐B type models. The convective thermal losses of the tanks are reduced since an air space between the inverted absorbing surfaces and the reflectors is trapped . As a result, the total dimensions of the TTS‐C models, mainly their depths, are larger enough compared with the dimensions of the TTS‐A and TTS‐B models.…”

Section: Design Description and Geometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive work on this direction has been performed by Tripanagnostopoulos et al and Souliotis et al, as well as several other researchers . The field's main objective is the development of low cost solar water heaters with effective performance and esthetic incorporation in several types of buildings . A key operational feature of these devices is related to the stratification of water temperature inside the storage tanks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] The field's main objective is the development of low cost solar water heaters with effective performance and esthetic incorporation in several types of buildings. 11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] A key operational feature of these devices is related to the stratification of water temperature inside the storage tanks. This is strongly connected with the nonuniformly distributed solar radiation on the receivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical study of twin-tanked ICS solar heaters combined with asymmetrical CPC-type reflectors

et al. 2018

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Summary The distribution of solar irradiance on the absorbing surface of a typical integrated collector storage (ICS) system combined with reflector troughs is commonly studied by means of ray tracing techniques. A conceptually different alternative is offered by the method of the average number of reflections (ANR). In the present work, the latter is employed for the systematic optical study of realistic ICS models. In all cases, the solar devices consist of twin cylindrical storage tanks which are mounted on top of stationary asymmetrical CPC‐type reflectors. The emphasis of the current research is mainly placed on the evaluation of the ANR reliability for the calculation of the optical efficiency of the related twin‐tanked devices. Additionally, useful operational parameters, such as the optical performance of the proposed geometries, are also determined. The behavior of the tested ICS systems reveals that the optical efficiency may vary in the range of 0.75 to 0.91, exhibiting a strong dependence on the geometric parameters of the solar devices. The highest efficiency is achieved by the systems which combine large reflecting area and storage tanks in close proximity.

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Section: Design Description and Geometric Analysis Of Tts-c Type Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Description and Geometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical study of twin-tanked ICS solar heaters combined with asymmetrical CPC-type reflectors

et al. 2018

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“…Without making significant increase in the system price, this configuration has allowed significant efficiency improvement at higher outlet temperature. Further recent investigations regarding improving thermal efficiency and storage capacity of ICSSWH can be found in [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of melting and solidification processes of PCM: Application to integrated collector storage solar water heaters (ICSSWH)

et al. 2018

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This work presents a detailed analysis of an improved Integrated Collector Storage Solar Water Heater (ICSSWH). This type of device is well suited for rural areas of Morocco because of its low cost, simplicity and compact structure. The innovation targeted in this system lies in the integration of a latent storage system by using a layer of phase change materials (PCM) in its lower part. Indeed, this integration is likely to increase the thermal energy delivered to the user during the night. The overall performance of the system depends on external climate data, type of PCM used and its mass, and flow rate of water. N-eicosane is considered as PCM in this application while hourly weather data corresponding to the city ER-RACHIDIA is used for the analysis. A detailed 2-D transient simulation has been established to optimize the system performance by studying the effect of different design variables and operating conditions. A deep analysis was also made to understand the PCM melting and solidification processes for a better exploitation of this storage technique. Optimized results are obtained when a mass flow rate of 0.0015 kg/s is used with a PCM thickness of 0.01 m and a set temperature of 313 K.

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Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

et al. 2021

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In practical applications, solar energy is usually converted to other forms of energy, such as electric energy, [9][10][11] chemical energy, [12,13] thermal energy, [14,15] so as to facilitate further transportation and storage. Among them, photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions from water to hydrogen, CO 2 to C2+ products, and N 2 to NH 3 in the aqueous-based environment have been considered to be quite promising solar-chemical energy conversion pathways. [16][17][18][19] Unlike the traditional water electrolyzing system, the most ideal PEC reaction system can be selfdriven by illumination without external bias. Utilizing the electron-hole carriers generated from the semiconductor photoelectrode, redox reactions take place separately on the photocathode and photoanode. However, as the water oxidation reaction involves a complex four-proton coupled multi-electron process (2H 2 O + 4h + → O 2 + 4H + , E o = 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), it makes the water oxidation reaction the rate-control step in the watersplitting reaction. [20] Therefore, developing high-performance photo anodes is of great fundamental importance and interest.At the present stage, TiO 2 is the most studied and applied semiconductor photoelectrocatalyst, due to its outstanding chemical stability. [21][22][23] However, as a wide bandgap semiconductor (anatase TiO 2 : 3.2eV, rutile TiO 2 : 3.0 eV), TiO 2 can only respond to the ultraviolet light. Meanwhile, as an intrinsic semiconductor, the bulk/surficial carrier recombination of TiO 2 greatly hinders its practical application. [24][25][26][27] In that case, some narrow bandgap semiconductors are also applied as the photoanode materials, such as Ta 3 N 5 (bandgap 2.1 eV), [28,29] BiVO 4 (bandgap 2.4 eV), and α-Fe 2 O 3 (bandgap 2.1 eV). [30][31][32] However, many of these narrow bandgap materials suffer from poor chemical stability and sluggish interfacial charge injection. [33][34][35] As intrinsic semiconductor materials, both wide and narrow bandgap semiconductor photoanode materials are suffering from the poor bulk-phase carrier separation, intense surficial e − /h + trapping recombination, and sluggish electrode/electrolyte carrier injection kinetics. [36][37][38][39] Fortunately, with the continuous investment of researchers, a series of modification methods have been established and the PEC water oxidation performance of semiconductor photoanode materials has been significantly improved. [32,[40][41][42][43][44] Among various strategies, nanostructure-interface engineering is widely regarded as an effective method to improve the PEC water oxidation performance: [40,41] the light-harvesting performance can be enhanced by the widened optical Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation based on semiconductor materials plays an important role in the production of clean fuel and value-added chemicals. Nanostructure-interface engineering has proven to be an effective way to construct highly efficient PEC water oxidation photoanodes with good light capture, carrier transport, and ...

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Integrated collector storage solar water heater under partial vacuum

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Optical study of twin-tanked ICS solar heaters combined with asymmetrical CPC-type reflectors

Optical study of twin-tanked ICS solar heaters combined with asymmetrical CPC-type reflectors

Optimization of melting and solidification processes of PCM: Application to integrated collector storage solar water heaters (ICSSWH)

Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

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