Integrated Diabetes Self-Management (IDSM) mobile application to improve self-management and glycemic control among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia: A mixed methods study protocol

Abstract

The number of patients with diabetes in Indonesia reach 19,47 million in 2021, mostly is caused by the adoption of sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles. Continuous self-management is important in diabetes care. It requires optimal coordination and communication between patients, families, and health care provider. The use of communication technology could be solution to the problem. This study aims to initiate an android-based mobile apps technology as a tool for patient, family, and healthcare provider to optimize patient with T2DM treatment. This study will be conducted in Public Health Centers (PHCs) in Yogyakarta using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design which is divided into three phases. The first phase will use qualitative descriptive methods. Patients with T2DM, families, nurses, physicians and Health Social Security Agency officers in Indonesia will be involved in a focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews to understand their needs in optimizing the treatment. The second phase will be the development of an android-based application on the first phase results. The apps will be usability tested by involving experts (heuristic evaluation) and users (think aloud method) to ensure that the apps really meet targeted user’s need. In the third phase, we will collect feedback from user after using this apps for three months. The effectiveness of the apps will be measured by self-management improvement and glycemic control of patients with T2DM. The non-equivalent control group design will be applied using a pre-repeated post-test control group. The result of this study will be an Android-based Application which will be called Integrated Diabetes Self-Management (IDSM) app to optimize the implementation of diabetes self-management which can improve glycemic control of patients with T2DM as one of the indicators of the Indonesian Chronic Disease Management Program at PHCs.

Nurses’ Roles in mHealth App Development: Scoping Review

“…Of the 157 publications, 8 (5.1%) were conference abstracts [ 76 , 82 , 125 , 137 , 161 , 170 , 174 , 188 ], 7 (4.5%) were case reports [ 84 , 108 , 111 , 118 , 127 , 128 , 146 ], and 3 (1.9%) were commentaries or editorials [ 66 , 88 , 135 ]. The remaining publications (7/157, 4.5%) were protocols or descriptions of theoretical frameworks [ 50 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 109 , 130 , 139 ]. A total of 34 countries were represented in the publications, most frequently Brazil (29/157, 18.5%) [ 36 , 37 , 40 , 45 , 48 , 60 , 61 , 65 , 70 , 83 , 87 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 120 , 134 , 136 , 138 , 142 , 143 , 152 - 154 , 157 , 163 , 165 , 177 , 182 , 183 ], the United States (26/157, 16.6%) [ 33 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 54 , 57 , 66 , 68 ...…”

“…Nurses played a role in all the stages of development. Nurses were most represented in the design and prototyping phase (112/157, 71.3%) [ 32 - 37 , 39 , 41 - 43 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 51 - 53 , 55 - 58 , 60 , 63 - 65 , 67 - 70 , 73 - 79 , 81 , 84 - 88 , 90 - 93 , 96 , 99 - 102 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 110 - 118 , 121 - 129 , 131 - 136 , 138 , 139 , 141 , 142 , 144 - 146 , 148 , 149 , 151 - 153 , 155 , 157 , 158 , 160 - 165 , 167 , 169 , 171 , 173 - 177 , 180 , 182 , 184 - 186 , 188 ], followed by the requirements gathering phase (98/157, 62.4%) [ 32 - 37 , 39 - 41 , 43 ...…”

“…This was followed by the role of informant or SME (106/157, 67.5%) [ 32 - 37 , 39 - 41 , 43 , 46 , 49 , 50 , 52 - 56 , 58 - 61 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 72 - 75 , 77 , 79 - 81 , 83 - 86 , 89 - 91 , 93 , 95 , 98 , 99 , 102 , 104 , 106 - 110 , 113 , 114 , 116 , 119 , 121 , 123 - 127 , 129 , 132 - 134 , 137 - 139 , 141 , 146 , 148 - 160 , 162 - 171 , 173 - 175 , 177 , 178 , 181 , 182 , 184 - 188 ], designer or creator (31/157, 19.7%) [ 42 , 45 , 56 , 57 , 72 , 78 , 88 , 92 ,…”

“…The authors indicated that nurses took on between 1 and 4 roles within a development phase and more frequently took on a greater number of roles during earlier development phases. In total, 36% (12/33) of the publications describing the planning phase indicated nurses taking on >1 role [ 85 , 92 , 102 , 104 , 110 , 123 , 125 , 126 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 152 ]. Nurses taking on >1 role grew to 42 (43%) out of 98 publications in the requirements gathering phase [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 61 , 78 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 89 , 92 , 99 , 101 , 104 , 110 , 114 , 116 , 123 , 125 , 126 , 129 , 132 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 146 , 151 , 153 , 158 , 164 - 169 , 171 , 173 , 184 , 188 ] and 50 (44.6%) out of 112 publications in the design and prototyping phase [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 51 , 56 - 58 ,…”

“…Nurses taking on >1 role grew to 42 (43%) out of 98 publications in the requirements gathering phase [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 61 , 78 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 89 , 92 , 99 , 101 , 104 , 110 , 114 , 116 , 123 , 125 , 126 , 129 , 132 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 146 , 151 , 153 , 158 , 164 - 169 , 171 , 173 , 184 , 188 ] and 50 (44.6%) out of 112 publications in the design and prototyping phase [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 51 , 56 - 58 , 60 , 75 , 78 , 88 , 92 , 93 , 101 , 104 , 110 , 113 , 114 , 121 , 123 , 125 - 127 , 131 - 136 ,…”