Integrated Evaluation of the Multifunctional DPP-IV and ACE Inhibitory Effect of Soybean and Pea Protein Hydrolysates

Abstract

Nowadays, notwithstanding their nutritional and technological properties, food bioactive peptides from plant sources garner increasing attention for their ability to impart more than one beneficial effect on human health. Legumes, which stand out thanks to their high protein content, represent valuable sources of bioactive peptides. In this context, this study focused on the characterization of the potential pleotropic activity of two commercially available soybean (SH) and pea (PH) protein hydrolysates, respectively. Since the biological activity of a specific protein hydrolysate is strictly correlated with its chemical composition, the first aim of the study was to identify the compositions of the SH and PH peptides. Peptidomic analysis revealed that most of the identified peptides within both mixtures belong to storage proteins. Interestingly, according to the BIOPEP-UWM database, all the peptides contain more than one active motive with known inhibitory angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl-dipeptidases (DPP)-IV sequences. Indeed, the results indicated that both SH and PH inhibit DPP-IV and ACE activity with a dose-response trend and IC50 values equal to 1.15 ± 0.004 and 1.33 ± 0.004 mg/mL, and 0.33 ± 0.01 and 0.61 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, both hydrolysates reduced the activity of DPP-IV and ACE enzymes which are expressed on the surface of human intestinal Caco-2 cells. These findings clearly support that notion that SH and PH may represent new ingredients with anti-diabetic and hypotensive effects for the development of innovative multifunctional foods and/or nutraceuticals for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

Evaluation of the multifunctional dipeptidyl-peptidase IV and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory properties of a casein hydrolysate using cell-free and cell-based assays

“…Synthetic inhibitors of DPP-IV and/or ACE are the first-line option for the treatment of these events ( 6 ), however, inevitable and evitable side effects of them, such as coughing, skin rashes, taste disturbances, angioedema, hyperkalaemia (ACE inhibitors) ( 7 , 8 ), and nasopharyngitis, headache, diarrhea, joint pain, urinary tract infection (DPP-IV inhibitors) ( 9 , 10 ), highlight the importance of developing new natural, innovative side-effect free compounds to prevent and/or alleviate diabetes and hypertension. Over the past few decades, many evidences have underlined that protein hydrolysates obtained from both plant (soybean, pea, rice bran, lupin, wheat, and many others) and/or animal (milk, egg yolk, beef, pork, chicken, sardine, salmon, and many others) foods may be useful for the prevention of these pathologies and several food derived peptides with potent DPP-IV-inhibitory and/or ACE-inhibitory activities have been successfully identified and characterized ( 11 – 16 ). These peptides are encrypted within the protein sequences and are released by the hydrolysis ( 17 ).…”

Inverse association of daily fermented soybean paste (“Jang”) intake with metabolic syndrome risk, especially body fat and hypertension, in men of a large hospital-based cohort

“…Along with isoflavonoids, soy proteins (40 g/day) and peptides decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension ( 49 ). Soybean peptides have an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl-dipeptidases-IV inhibitory action, lowering hyperglycemia and blood pressure ( 50 , 51 ). Therefore, Jang consumption, which contains isoflavonoids and soy peptides, could lower the risk of MetS and its components.…”

Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as Source of Multifunctional Peptides with Antioxidant, ACE and DPP-IV Inhibitory Activities

“…Earlier in the analysis of biological activity, FPH was ultrafiltrated with 3 kDa cut-off Millipore UF System ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) using optimized conditions [ 24 ]. The recovered peptides solution was dried in a Speed-Vac (Martin Christ Gefriertrocknungsanlagen GmbH, Osterode am Harz, Germany) and stored at −80 °C until use.…”