Integrated fuel processors for fuel cell application: A review

Qi, Aidu; Peppley, Brant A.; Karan, Kunal

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.05.007

Cited by 168 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…A reformer integrated to a fuel cell is an attractive fuel source for the low temperature fuel cell such as PEMFC [9], which requires a high purity of hydrogen [10]. On the other hand, internal reforming in the fuel cell stack itself, could only be used with high temperature fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and after taking into consideration a large amount of CO in the reformate stream [11,12]. Table 1 shows the fuel that can be used for transportation and residential use applications [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and activity test of commercial Ni/Al2O3, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and prepared Ni–Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production from methane and methanol fuels

Khzouz

Wood

Pollet

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Khzouz, M. et al. (2013). Characterization and activity test of commercial Ni/Al203, Cu/ZnO/Al203 and prepared NieCu/Al203 catalysts for the hydrogen production from methane and methanol fuels. A comprehensive comparison between these two fuels is established in terms of reaction conditions, fuel conversion, H2 selectivity, CO2 and CO selectivity. The prepared catalyst showed low selectivity for CO in both fuels and it was more selective to H2, with H2 selectivities of 99% in methane and 89% in methanol reforming reactions. A significant objective is to develop catalysts which can operate at lower temperatures and resist deactivation. Methanol steam reforming is carried out at a much lower temperature than methane steam reforming in prepared and commercial catalyst (275-325 o C). However, methane steam reforming can be carried out at a relatively low temperature on NieCu catalyst (600-650 o C) and at higher temperature in commercial methane reforming catalyst (700-800 o C). Commercial Ni/Al2O3 catalyst resulted in high coke formation (28.3% loss in mass) compared to prepared NieCu/Al2O3 (8.9%) and commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts (3.5%).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and activity test of commercial Ni/Al2O3, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and prepared Ni–Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production from methane and methanol fuels

Khzouz

Wood

Pollet

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Steam reforming is one of the most widely-used methods to obtain hydrogen from bioethanol because it achieves a high concentration of hydrogen, necessary to feed the PEM fuel cell subsystem [24]. The main reactor is the ethanol steam reformer (ESR), where most of the conversion of bioethanol into hydrogen takes place.…”

Section: Bioethanol Reformer Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management Strategy for a Bioethanol Isolated Hybrid System: Simulations and Experiments

et al. 2018

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Renewable energy sources have significant advantages both from the environmental and the economic point of view. Additionally, renewable energy sources can contribute significantly to the development of isolated areas that currently have no connection to the electricity supply network. In order to make efficient use of these energy sources, it is necessary to develop appropriate energy management strategies. This work presents an energy management strategy for an isolated hybrid renewable energy system with hydrogen production from bioethanol reforming. The system is based on wind-solar energy, batteries and a bioethanol reformer, which produces hydrogen to feed a fuel cell system. Bioethanol can contribute to the development of isolated areas with surplus agricultural production, which can be used to produce bioethanol. The energy management strategy takes the form of a state machine and tries to maximize autonomy time while minimizing recharging time. The proposed rule-based strategy has been validated both by simulation and experimentally in a scale laboratory station. Both tests have shown the viability of the proposed strategy complying with the specifications imposed and a good agreement between experimental and simulation results.

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“…In most cases, as the power supplies developed by the previous companies, the MSR reactor operates as a standalone device (external reforming) [5]. It presents the advantage of not being restricted to the fuel cell stack configuration, allowing different arrangements reformer/fuel cell and higher operation temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of different designs of methanol steam reformers: Experiment and modeling

Ribeirinha

Boaventura

Lopes

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Three reformers with different designs (multi-channel, radial and tubular) were developed for thermal integration with a high temperature polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). They were characterized experimentally at temperatures between 443 K and 473 K, using the commercial catalyst G66 MR from Süd-Chemie (CuO/ZnO/Al2O3). The reactors were modelled and simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The models were validated using experimental data.The results showed that the multi-channel design is the best solution for thermal integration with a HT-PEMFC, presenting high methanol conversion and low pressure drop. Regarding the heat transfer ability, the multi-channel showed also the best performance, presenting the lowest temperature sink among the studied reformers. The low flow velocities and the absence of metallic surfaces in the radial reformer had detrimental effect on the heat transfer. Concerning the flow distribution a coefficient of variation of 0.6 % was observed in the multichannel reformer. A quasi plug flow behavior was found in the tubular and a multichannel (channels region only) reformer, while in the radial a not fully developed laminar flow was found.At temperatures lower than 473 K was found that the reformate stream did not require further purification to be fed to a HT-PEMFC due to the low CO concentration (<1600 ppm).The advantages and limitations of each design is discussed based on experimental data and CFD modeling.

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Integrated fuel processors for fuel cell application: A review

Cited by 168 publications

References 70 publications

Characterization and activity test of commercial Ni/Al2O3, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and prepared Ni–Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production from methane and methanol fuels

Characterization and activity test of commercial Ni/Al2O3, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and prepared Ni–Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production from methane and methanol fuels

Energy Management Strategy for a Bioethanol Isolated Hybrid System: Simulations and Experiments

Study of different designs of methanol steam reformers: Experiment and modeling

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