Integrated multi-criteria analysis for groundwater potential mapping in Precambrian hard rock terranes (North Gujarat), India

Abstract

In north Gujarat, local communities depend on Precambrian basement aquifers for their primary source of water supply. Increasing demand for potable water puts stress to explore groundwater from less reliable sources of basement rocks. The objective is to map groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) in water-scarce Precambrian terranes using integrated multi-criteria analysis (AHP and Geospatial techniques). Various important thematic has been prepared and the output of the GWPZ map was grouped into six different categories.The results show that very-high and high groundwater potentials extend over an area of 4.29% and 12.86% respectively of the total area. The Kappa index method was used for validation and its result showed an effective and reliable result between collected water level data with calculated GWPZ. It shows 83.3% accuracy for very-high, 85.7% accuracy for 2 high, and 90.1% accuracy for moderate GWPZ. The synthesis of the work can be applied anywhere having similar setups for groundwater prospect and management.

Recharge and Geochemical Evolution of Groundwater in Fractured Basement Aquifers (NW India): Insights from Environmental Isotopes (δ18O, δ2H, and 3H) and Hydrogeochemical Studies

“…The altitude varies from 250 to 650 m a.m.s.l. The area comes under a semi-arid climatic type and is characterized by extreme temperature in the summer months (May-July), erratic rainfall, and high evapotranspiration rates [10,38]. The average annual rainfall is ≈771 mm and is typically received through the southwest monsoon, and the temperature varies between 15 and 42 • C in this area.…”

“…Geological map of the study area (Ambaji Basin, NW India) and groundwater sampling locations (Pre-monsoon, December 2017). Figure 1 inset showing the major geological terranes of Aravalli Delhi Mobile Belt (ADMB), NW India after GSI, [38].…”

“…The different geological units in the study area were demarcated through extensive fieldwork and the existing geological map of the Geological Survey of India. As the study basin comes under the Meso-proterozoic age of SDT, the rocks present in this terrane were mainly of pelitic-, calcareous-, and basic granulites, where three phases of granite intruded namely G1 (gneissic), G2 (medium to coarse-grained, highly fractured), and G3 granites (fine-grained or micro-granite) [38,39]. Figure 1 shows that G2 granite is mostly dominated in this area, which is followed by basic granulite, alluviums, G1 granite, and G3 granites.…”

Geo-Temporal Signatures of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Khulais Region—Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

“…Anthropogenic pollution comes from industrial effluents, fertilizers, pesticides, domestic wastewater and landfills (Khan et al, 2016;Pradhan and Biswal, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Kumar et al, 2021c;Khan and Wen, 2021). Hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies have been conducted to assess groundwater quality and better understand hydrological and salinization processes in various coastal aquifer systems around the world (Rosenthal, 1987;Vengosh and Rosenthal, 1994;Allen and Suchy, 2001;Lee and Song, 2007;De Montety et al, 2008;Skrzypek et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2017;Behera et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2020;Pradhan et al, 2021). Saltwater pumping, inter-aquifer mixing, palaeosaline water, anthropogenic contamination, rock-groundwater interaction, and other factors contribute to groundwater salinization in coastal areas (Han et al, 2014;Larsen et al, 2017).…”

Mapping Groundwater Potential for Irrigation, by Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of District Lower Dir, Pakistan

“…Regional hydrogeological attributes, such as depth of weathering, drainage patterns, climate, extent of fractures, geological structures, landform, land cover/land use (LCLU), lithology, primary and secondary porosity, slope, and topography, regulate groundwater recharge [19,20]. In-site geophysics surveys and hydrogeology experiments assist to delineate processing involved in groundwater recharge and assess the spatiotemporal dissimilarities in the study regions [21][22][23]. Limited reliability of these surveys, mainly due to their focus on a single factor affecting groundwater recharge, have narrowed their role in predicting regional groundwater mapping [24].…”