Integrated Omics and Computational Glycobiology Reveal Structural Basis for Influenza A Virus Glycan Microheterogeneity and Host Interactions

Khatri, Kshitij; Klein, Joshua; White, Mitchell R.; Grant, Oliver C.; Leymarie, Nancy; Woods, Robert J.; Hartshorn, Kevan L.; Zaia, Joseph

doi:10.1074/mcp.m116.058016

Cited by 92 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…Albumin and IgG were depleted using ProteoExtract® Albumin/IgG Removal Kit (EMD Millipore, Billerica MA). Depleted serum and glycoprotein mixes were subjected to sample preparation and analysis using a multi-pronged approach, as described previously [28]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Waters™ Xbridge™ reversed-phase column (150 μm × 100 mm) with 1.7 μm BEH C18 resin and a Waters™ trap column (180 μm × 20 mm) packed with 5 μm Symmetry™ C18 stationary phase were used for online desalting and separation of the proteomics samples. The mass spectrometer was programmed to acquire data-dependent tandem MS, using instrument parameters described previously [28]. Glycoproteins used in complexity mixtures were analyzed both individually and as mixtures of increasing complexity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation

2016

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In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain copurified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. In addition, there is increasing need to characterize glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures. Fortunately, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics are now mature and accessible. We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. This maximizes the ability to assign glycopeptide tandem mass spectra with confidence. As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation

2016

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“…The analysis of site-specific microheterogeneity on a protein with multiple N-glycosylation sites in cell or tissue-derived extracts requires more elaborate analytical methods that have become available only recently (16,17,(34)(35)(36). Few studies have shown the relation between protein primary sequence and the observed glycan profile.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This incomplete processing can therefore be modulated by altering the reaction-limiting parameters, such as enzyme and substrate concentrations, enzyme-substrate exposure time, and substrate affinities (13)(14)(15). In addition, properties of the N-glycoprotein itself, such as accessibility of the N-glycan to the processing machinery can result in differential site-specific glycan structures (16,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of protein/glycan interaction on site‐specific glycan heterogeneity

Losfeld¹,

Scibona²,

Lin³

et al. 2017

FASEB j.

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To study how the interaction between N-linked glycans and the surrounding amino acids influences oligosaccharide processing, we used protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a glycoprotein bearing 5 N-glycosylation sites, as a model system and expressed it transiently in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-S cell line. PDI was produced as both secreted Sec-PDI and endoplasmic reticulum-retained glycoprotein (ER)-PDI, to study glycan processing by ER and Golgi resident enzymes. Quantitative site-specific glycosylation profiles were obtained, and flux analysis enabled modeling site-specific glycan processing. By altering the primary sequence of PDI, we changed the glycan/ protein interaction and thus the site-specific glycoprofile because of the improved enzymatic fluxes at enzymatic bottlenecks. Our results highlight the importance of direct interactions between N-glycans and surface-exposed amino acids of glycoproteins on processing in the ER and the Golgi and the possibility of changing a site-specific N-glycan profile by modulating such interactions and thus the associated enzymatic fluxes. Altering the primary protein sequence can therefore be used to glycoengineer recombinant proteins.-Losfeld, M.-E., Scibona, E., Lin, C.-W., Villiger, T. K., Gauss, R., Morbidelli, M., Aebi, M. Influence of protein/glycan interaction on site-specific glycan heterogeneity. FASEB J. 31, 4623-4635 (2017). www.fasebj.org KEY WORDS: glycoengineering • glycobiology • glycoprotein maturation • Golgi processing • enzymatic flux N-glycosylation is a major posttranslational modification of proteins that modulates folding, maturation, trafficking, and secretion, as well as specific protein functions (1-3). Contrary to many other posttranslational modifications, N-glycans are composed of many monosaccharide units, creating a large diversity of glycan structures (4, 5). In eukaryotic cells, the N-glycosylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after a conserved pathway. The oligosaccharide GlcNAc 2 Man 9 Glc 3 is assembled on the lipid dolicholpyrophosphate at the membrane of the ER and then is covalently linked to the side-chain amide of the asparagine residue in the sequon N-X-S/T by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) (1, 6, 7). Multiple sites on one glycoprotein can be modified by the OST complex and with the increasing complexity of multicellular organism, an increasing number of N-glycosylation sites in the glycoproteome are observed. It is estimated that up to 6000 different sites are modified by OST in mammalian cells (8). In the second phase of the N-glycosylation pathway, the protein-linked glycan is trimmed by glucosidases and mannosidases (1, 9) and is subsequently modified by different glycosyltransferases spatially distributed along the secretory pathway. N-glycan processing enzymes have defined substrate specificities and locations in the secretory pathway (9, 10), and their expression level can be regulated upon internal and external signals.Glycan maturation in the secretory pathway is not a template-driven process. The...

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“…As such, this research contributes novel results of glycans produced in embryonic eggs. (47,287,298). The observation of Sulf on NDV HN glycans is likely due to propagation methods.…”

Section: Overview Of the Results With Reference To Current Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterisation of glycosylation of paramyxovirus attachment and fusion proteins by mass spectrometry

Pegg¹

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The family Paramyxoviridae (paramyxovirus) contains several significant human and animal pathogens.Represented within this family are human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The former contributes significantly to severe respiratory tract disease in infants, children and immunocompromised individuals. At present, highly efficacious therapeutics or safe and effective vaccines are not available for hRSV. NDV is the causative agent of Newcastle disease, afflicting a wide range of avian species. The desire to study NDV is due not only to the significant economic impact it has on the poultry industry worldwide, but also its potential use as an oncolytic agent and vaccine vector in humans and animals. Additionally, findings on NDV may be translated to closely related viruses that cause disease in humans, such as parainfluenza viruses.As outlined in Chapter 1 of this thesis, the infectious processes of all members of this family are driven by two major membrane glycoproteins whose ectodomains project from the viral envelope: the fusion (F) and attachment glycoproteins. The F glycoprotein is responsible for viral entry by means of fusion with host cell membranes while the variable attachment glycoproteins, haemagglutinin, haemagglutininneuraminidase (HN) and major surface glycoprotein (G), are involved in viral attachment to host cells.Previous studies have shown that altering the glycosylation profile of these proteins can modulate the ability of the virus to infect host cells and stimulate the host immune system. As yet, site-specific glycan heterogeneity of hRSV and NDV surface glycoproteins has not been defined at a chemical level. As described in Chapter 2, reverse-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MS) strategies were implemented to characterise intact glycopeptides from the attachment and F glycoproteins of hRSV and NDV. Site-occupancy and monosaccharide compositions at a given site were determined using collision-induced dissociation, higher-energy collision dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and electron-transfer dissociation combined with collision dissociation. As described in Chapter 3, a spectral processing program was developed called OxoExtract to aid identification of intact glycopeptides that were fragmented with higher-energy collision dissociation.The F and HN proteins of NDV were derived from virions propagated in embryonic eggs. Analyses of HN in Chapter 4 revealed high mannose N-linked glycans and complex or hybrid N-linked glycans that were variably fucosylated, sialylated and sulfated or phosphorylated. In total 63, 58, and 37 glycans were identified at sites N341, N433 and N481, respectively. In addition, a previously undocumented Olinked glycosylation site was identified in the stalk domain of the protein. Observed glycans from NDV F described in Chapter 5 were mainly high mannose, containing variations of five to nine mannose ii residues across four sites, N85, N191, N366 and N471. There was also evidence of fucosylated c...

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Integrated Omics and Computational Glycobiology Reveal Structural Basis for Influenza A Virus Glycan Microheterogeneity and Host Interactions

Cited by 92 publications

References 123 publications

Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation

Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation

Influence of protein/glycan interaction on site‐specific glycan heterogeneity

Structural characterisation of glycosylation of paramyxovirus attachment and fusion proteins by mass spectrometry

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