Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology

Lauermann, Matthias; Weimann, C.; Knopf, A.; Heni, Wolfgang; Palmer, R.; Koeber, S.; Elder, Delwin L.; Bogaerts, Wim; Leuthold, Juerg; Dalton, Larry R.; Rembe, Christian; Freude, W.; Koos, C.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.011694

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Large electro-optic (EO) coefficients [1] are beneficial for efficient operation of e.g. fieldsensors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], for nonlinear frequency conversion [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or electro-optical data modulation [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. EO modulators are of particular importance as they are ubiquitously used in optical communications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design

et al. 2017

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The performance of highly nonlinear organic electro-optic (EO) materials incorporated into nanoscale slots is examined. It is shown that EO coefficients as large as 190 pm/V can be obtained in 150 nm wide plasmonic slot waveguides but that the coefficients decrease for narrower slots. Possible mechanism that lead to such a decrease are discussed. Monte-Carlo computer simulations are performed, confirming that chromophore-surface interactions are one important factor influencing the EO coefficient in narrow plasmonic slots. These highly nonlinear materials are of particular interest for applications in optical modulators. However, in modulators the key parameters are the voltage-length product U_πL and the insertion loss rather than the linear EO coefficients. We show record-low voltage-length products of 70 Vµm and 50 Vµm for slot widths in the order of 50 nm for the materials JRD1 and DLD164, respectively. This is because the nonlinear interaction is enhanced in narrow slot and thereby compensates for the reduced EO coefficient. Likewise, it is found that lowest insertion losses are observed for slot widths in the range 60 to 100 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design

et al. 2017

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“…Nonetheless, there are different investigations looking at such a goal [50][51][52][53]. One concept used for frequency shifting on PICs is the single sideband suppressed carrier modulation, where an IQ-MZM is used to create an amplitude modulation in the Mach Zehnder Modulators (MZM), and then SOAs and phase shifters are tuned so the sidebands cancel each other, and the tone of interest remains with greater amplitude compared to the others.…”

Section: Frequency Shifting and Dual-comb Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Multipurpose Photonic Chip Architecture for THz Dual-Comb Spectrometers

Betancur-Pérez

Martín-Mateos

Dios

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this work, we present a multipurpose photonic integrated circuit capable of generating multiheterodyne complex Dual-Combs (DC) THz signals. Our work focuses on translating the functionality of an electro-optic tunable DC system into a photonic chip employing standard building blocks to ensure the scalability and cost efficiency of the integrated device. The architecture we analyze for integration is based on three stages: a seed comb, a mode selection stage and a DC stage. This final DC stage includes a frequency shifter, a key element to improve the final detection of the THz signals and obtain real-time operation. This investigation covers three key aspects: (1) a solution for comb line selection on GHz spaced combs using OIL or OPLL on photonic chips is studied and evaluated, (2) a simple and versatile scheme to produce a frequency shift using the double sideband suppressed carrier modulation technique and an asymmetric Mach Zehnder Interferometer to filter one of the sidebands is proposed, and (3) a multipurpose architecture that can offer a versatile effective device, moving from application-specific PICs to general-purpose PICs. Using the building blocks (BBs) available from an InP-based foundry, we obtained simulations that offer a high-quality Dual-Comb frequency shifted signal with a side mode suppression ratio around 21 dB, and 41 dB after photodetection with an intermediate frequency of 1 MHz. We tested our system to generate a Dual-Comb with 10 kHz of frequency spacing and an OOK modulation with 5 Gbps which can be down-converted to the THz range by a square law detector. It is also important to note that the presented architecture is multipurpose and can also be applied to THz communications. This design is a step to enable a commercial THz photonic chip for multiple applications such as THz spectroscopy, THz multispectral imaging and THz telecommunications and offers the possibility of being fabricated in a multi-project wafer.

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“…Such schemes can be used even if higher-order modulation formats such as 16QAM are to be generated [41]. SOH EO modulators have also proven useful for frequency comb generation [44] or as ultra-compact phase shifters for optical metrology applications [45].…”

Section: Integration With Organic Electro-optic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Integration on Silicon Photonics

et al. 2018

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To enhance the functionality of the standard silicon photonics platform and to overcome its limitations, in particular for light emission, ultrafast modulation and non-linear applications, integration with novel materials is being investigated by several groups. In this paper we will discuss, amongst others, the integration of silicon waveguides with ferroelectric materials such as PZT and BTO, with electro-optically active polymers, with 2Dmaterials such as graphene and with III-V semiconductors through epitaxy. We discuss both the technology and design aspects.

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Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design

Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design

Design of a Multipurpose Photonic Chip Architecture for THz Dual-Comb Spectrometers

Heterogeneous Integration on Silicon Photonics

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