Integrated Optical Waveguides And Devices Fabricated By Proton Exchange: A Review

Wong, Ka-Kha

doi:10.1117/12.960065

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An excellent review on waveguides and devices fabricated by proton-exchange is given in [41]. Further detailed information about the characterization of PE waveguides may be found in [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: B Proton-exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated-optic devices in lithium niobate: technology and applications

Neyer

1990

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: B Proton-exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated-optic devices in lithium niobate: technology and applications

Neyer

1990

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is especially true in light of the recently observed nonlinear dependence of the refractive index on the hydrogen concentration14'19'34. Consequently, a generalization of the square root law in the form of a power law is used, = bt (2) = pt (3) where d0 is the initial PE depth, /n30 is the initial surface index increase, and (b, c, p, q) are fitting parameters. The anneal temperature dependent fitting parameters were determined through the use of a least squares nonlinear regression procedure 25 (see Table 2).…”

Section: Correlating (Zn3 D) With (Ta Ta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate modeling of the index profile in annealed proton-exchanged LiNbO 3 waveguides

Nikolopoulos

Yip

1991

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A generalized Gaussian function was used to accurately model the refractive-index profile of planar optical waveguides ill z-cut LiNbO3 fabricated by the annealed proton-exchange technique. The computed waveguide parameters were empirically correlated to the wide range of fabrication conditions through the use of a general power law. In addition, the validity of the conventional simple diffusioii annealing model is investigated in detail.

show abstract

“…The proton exchange process [22] is a low-temperature process (<240"C) and has been used successfully in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate. Basically it involves an exchange between lithium and the hydrogen ions from an acid.…”

Section: Proton Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate materials and technologies for integrated optics: fast and efficient electro-optic modulation

Donaldson¹

1991

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review discusses the linear electro-optic effect and how it is used in the fabrication of light modulators in a variety of different material systems. Lithium niobate is chosen as the foremost example of a suitable material since it currently forms the base for the most mature technology, although newer research on semiconductors and electro-optic polymers is also addressed. The fundamentals of modulator design which lead to the possibility of fast and efficient modulation are covered, as are some of the problems that are typically encountered during the realization of working devices.

show abstract

Integrated Optical Waveguides And Devices Fabricated By Proton Exchange: A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Integrated-optic devices in lithium niobate: technology and applications

Integrated-optic devices in lithium niobate: technology and applications

Accurate modeling of the index profile in annealed proton-exchanged LiNbO 3 waveguides

Candidate materials and technologies for integrated optics: fast and efficient electro-optic modulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About