Integrated optics in silicon and SiGe-heterostructures

Mechanical passive logic module

“…4(a) shows circuit diagram of 'PALM' set to produce XOR(A,B). Here A is taken to be logic-0 when light is unchanged in direction (here the mirror is placed at an angle 0 3 ) and logic-1 when it is deflected (here the mirror is rotated at an angle 45 3 ). That function f(A,B) is set by the absence or presence of reflectors (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ) in the middle plane.…”

“…Optics then comes to replace electronics with high speed and high bandwidth. Many literatures on optical logic and signal processing based on optoelectronic switches, linear and nonlinear optical components have been proposed and demonstrated so far [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Optical signal processing using nonlinear materials viz.…”

“…11. Here we require six fixed mirrors (at the position (1,3), (1,5), (2,2), (2,6), (3,1) and (3,7)) and ten electromagnetic actuated movable mirrors (at the position (1,4), (2,4), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (4,1), (4,2), (4,4), (4,6) and (4,7)), which are arranged in matrix form as…”

Semiconductor Optical Sensors

“…The diffusion of Ge into a Si substrate allows the fabrication of low-loss SiGe waveguides [18,19], a material system which also facilitates the fabrication of detectors and modulators. Various other dielectric layers, such as TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 [20], and Al 2 O 3 [21], are also useful as low-loss waveguide materials on silicon substrates.…”

<title>Integrated optoelectronic waveguide detectors in SiGe for optical communications</title>

“…Hence, it is a logical step to investigate its optical properties and potential for integrated optical photonic devices [1,2] in order to use a material system which is entirely compatible with VLSI technology.In today's integrated optics relatively complex devices are required, for example an integrated optical balanced receiver [3,4] for coherent optical communication systems (Fig.1). Such devices always contain integrated optical waveguides as the most fundamental component and some passive components like bends and couplers and active components such as electrooptical switches and modulators.…”