Integrated pest management is the lucrative bridge connecting the ever emerging knowledge islands of genetics and ecology

Field Evaluation of Experimental Maize Hybrids for Resistance to the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a Warm Temperate Climate

“…The current study also demonstrated that the three commercial maize hybrids with Bt transgenes were effective for controlling S. frugiperda (in quadrant III of Figure 2), while five of the six reciprocal crosses showed moderate resistance (in quadrants II and IV of Figure 2). The findings confirmed previous reports which showed that utilizing transgenic and native insect resistance could synergistically decelerate or even reverse Bt resistance in S. frugiperda and other lepidopteran pests in transgenic Bt maize production ( [41,42], F.H., unpublished data).…”

Economic injury levels and sequential sampling plans for control decision‐making systems of Bemisia tabaci biotype B adults in watermelon crops

“…Decision‐making systems for pest control include sampling plans and decision‐making indices . Although the most accepted and used thresholds for IPM are economic injury levels (EIL) and the economic threshold (ET), EIL has been used more frequently in IPM programs given its feasibility .…”

“…In integrated pest management (IPM) programs, pest control is carried out based on technical, economic, ecological, and social criteria. 1,2 The relationships between herbivorous insect populations (pests and non-pests) and plants, and natural enemies and climatic elements in crops are studied to establish IPM programs. Based on these studies, pest control decisions are made only when these organisms can cause economic damage.…”

“…3,4 Decision-making systems for pest control include sampling plans and decision-making indices. [1][2][3][5][6][7] Although the most accepted and used thresholds for IPM are economic injury levels (EIL) and the economic threshold (ET), 5 EIL has been used more frequently in IPM programs given its feasibility. 5,8,9 Sampling plans are used to assess pest populations in crops, whereas the EIL may favor the decision for pest control (when the density is equal to or greater than the EIL) or no pest control (when the density is lower than the EIL).…”

Monitoring of brown stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) population dynamics in corn to predict its abundance using weather data

“…However, limited information is available concerning the variation in seasonal stink bug population dynamics in corn, cotton and soybean fields across the southeastern United States, which impedes the development of an effective integrated pest management program targeting stink bugs in these ecosystems. The introduction of transgenic crops has created a unique opportunity to greatly improve IPM programs in these ecosystems by bridging the knowledge gap between genetics and ecology of both the crops and pests (Ni et al, 2014a). Because plantfeeding pentatomid adults are highly mobile (or elusive when disturbed), and are polyphagous insects, monitoring their populations on various host crop plants can be difficult, and costly (Cullen & Zalom, 2000;Kamminga et al, 2009), which frequently causes a lack of precision for estimating population dynamics and preventing and/or reducing their damage to crops.…”