Integrating local ecological services into intergovernmental fiscal transfers: The case of the ecological ICMS in Brazil

Ring, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.11.001

Cited by 100 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…If a portion of tax revenue would be distributed according to ecological criteria, this may set incentives for providing green infrastructures and NBS. An example may be the ecological fiscal transfers implemented in Brazil or Portugal, where municipalities receive tax revenue for hosting protected areas (Ring 2008;Santos et al 2012). …”

Section: Economic Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creating incentives not just for private land users through price mechanisms like taxes and cap-and-trade-based mechanisms for development rights, but essentially incentivizing nature-affine investment behaviour of public authorities, may constitute a well-functioning but not yet well-known addition in the policy mix. It has been shown that the integration of ecological indicators in municipal fiscal transfers incentivizes the respective governments to create additional protected areas (Sauquet et al 2014;Droste et al 2015;Ring 2008). Depending on the indicator, also urban green spaces and their ecological public functions could be supported through ecological fiscal transfer mechanisms.…”

Section: Finding the Appropriate Nature-based Solutions Policy And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas: Financing and Governance Aspects

Droste

Schröter‐Schlaack

Hansjürgens

et al. 2017

Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions

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Fostering nature-based solutions in urban areas is an issue that receives increasing attention on the political agenda. But in many cases, only insufficient financial resources are available for the implementation of such solutions. A central issue in this context is the structure of municipal revenues, which stem from either municipal tax revenue, fees for municipal services, or fiscal transfers from other governmental levels. Many of these revenues are however absorbed by specific tasks, especially social expenditure; thus there is little room left for autonomous investments, e.g. into nature-based solutions and green infrastructure. In this chapter we elaborate on the structure of the problem such as the corresponding fiscal and constitutional restrictions and analyse which solutions are possible to allow for greater investments into multifunctional urban nature-based solutions.

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Section: Economic Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Finding the Appropriate Nature-based Solutions Policy And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas: Financing and Governance Aspects

Droste

Schröter‐Schlaack

Hansjürgens

et al. 2017

Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions

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“…The same approach has been adopted in Brazil with the ICMS Ecologico procedure. However, the state government retains a certain degree of freedom to decide which ecological indicators they may use (May et al 2002, Ring 2008a). …”

Section: In This Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, since the early 1990s, a number of states consider protected areas as one of the indicators distributing state level value-added taxes back to the municipal level. At least 16 Brazilian states have already tested and implemented such an approach to compensate municipalities for the costs arising from protected areas (May et al 2002, Ring 2008a). More recently, following the modification of its fiscal law in 2007, Portugal became the first country in Europe to set up such an initiative to encourage biodiversity protection (Santos et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Contribution of Fiscal Transfers to Protected Area Policy

Borie¹,

Mathevet²,

Letourneau³

et al. 2014

E&S

Self Cite

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ABSTRACT. Biodiversity payments have become an increasingly proposed tool to promote conservation measures. An unexplored issue concerns the potential role of fiscal transfers between the state and infra-national authorities potentially as direct financial incentives for biodiversity conservation. We explore how protected areas can be taken into account in a redistributive fiscal transfer system between the state and local authorities, i.e., municipalities. Different simulations were made in the Mediterranean region of southern France, a major biodiversity hotspot subject to increasing threats. We examined two methods for fiscal transfer: first, a "per hectare" method, based on the surface of the protected area within the boundaries of the municipality and second a "population equivalent" method, in which we convert the surface of protected areas into relative numbers of inhabitants. Our results show that consideration of the population of the municipality in addition to its protected areas' surface can provide a strong incentive to encourage municipalities to designate protected areas. However, this will require increased public funding to buffer financial losses incurred by large municipalities that have a low proportion of their territory within protected areas. We discuss the social feasibility of this tool for green infrastructure implementation and future protected area designation.

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“…Performance-based compensation in advance can broaden the portfolio of a farmer's household by directly improving the welfare of local residents. Fiscal transfer to compensate municipalities for the existence of protected areas is used on the state level in Brazil (Ring 2008).…”

Section: Existing Models Of Compensation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation Payments for Downsides Generated by Protected Areas

Pechacek

Guo

et al. 2012

AMBIO

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Protected areas are powerful instruments to tackle the biodiversity crises. However, local communities believe that protected areas generate downsides for which they should be compensated. We reviewed (1) problem evolution, (2) the idea of compensation schemes, and (3) practical considerations. We found that compensations for conservation-related losses are insufficiently considered when protected areas are established. Schemes include controversial resettlements of human populations, traditional reimbursements, and recently favored incentive payments to encourage local communities to conserve biodiversity on their lands. The compensation process is typically composed of the verification of losses/facts, estimation of costs, and delivery of payments. Compensation schemes promote tolerance and awareness, and responsibility of the broader society while minimizing confrontations. They have the power to mainstream concern about human welfare in protected area management, and are therefore a key to successful conservation. Verifying the impact of compensations on achievement of conservation goals remains, however, difficult to prove.

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Integrating local ecological services into intergovernmental fiscal transfers: The case of the ecological ICMS in Brazil

Cited by 100 publications

References 15 publications

Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas: Financing and Governance Aspects

Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas: Financing and Governance Aspects

Exploring the Contribution of Fiscal Transfers to Protected Area Policy

Compensation Payments for Downsides Generated by Protected Areas

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