Integrating Molecular Biomarker Inputs Into Development and Use of Clinical Cancer Therapeutics

Louie, Anna D.; Huntington, Kelsey E.; Carlsen, Lindsey; Zhou, Lanlan; El‐Deiry, Wafik S.

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.747194

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The future trajectory of biomarker research points towards an increased reliance on liquid biopsy and serial sampling. These methodologies aim to unravel tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms more effectively 121 . Liquid biopsies, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analyses, represent a promising, minimally invasive technique for the ongoing monitoring of treatment responses and the identification of resistance mechanisms 122 .…”

Section: Future Outlook: Biomarker Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Against Gastric Cancer: Charting the Course to Expanded Therapeutic Benefit

Chung,

Tung,

Dung

2024

Biomed. Res. Ther.

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Cancer immunotherapy has become a groundbreaking approach in treatment, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showing exceptional success in blocking the pathways that tumors use to escape immune detection. This review delves into the clinical significance and predictive power of ICIs in the treatment of gastric cancer. It introduces ICIs, explaining their mechanisms of action, reviews key findings from critical trials, and discusses the role of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) testing as a potential biomarker for selecting suitable patients. The review also addresses the limitations of PD-L1 testing, while highlighting emerging predictive markers and ongoing research aimed at discovering novel biomarkers, optimizing therapeutic combinations, characterizing the tumor microenvironment, and understanding mechanisms of resistance to therapy. This effort to optimize ICIs aims to extend their significant clinical benefits to a larger group of patients with gastric cancer. In summary, this review provides specialists with an updated overview of the advancements in employing immunotherapy against gastric cancer and outlines the path towards enhancing patient outcomes through continuous research and the refinement of biomarkers.

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Section: Future Outlook: Biomarker Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Against Gastric Cancer: Charting the Course to Expanded Therapeutic Benefit

Chung,

Tung,

Dung

2024

Biomed. Res. Ther.

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“…Several blood-based screening biomarkers have been used or are currently used in clinical practice, e.g., alpha-fetoprotein for liver cancer, PSA for prostate cancer, CA19-9 for pancreatic cancer, and CA125 for ovarian cancer, among others [ 131 ]. However, some of these biomarkers do not meet the requirements of high specificity and sensitivity; for example, this is the case for blood PSA screening for prostate cancer.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Cancer Biomarkers: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer

2022

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Molecular cancer biomarkers are any measurable molecular indicator of risk of cancer, occurrence of cancer, or patient outcome. They may include germline or somatic genetic variants, epigenetic signatures, transcriptional changes, and proteomic signatures. These indicators are based on biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, that can be detected in samples obtained from tissues through tumor biopsy or, more easily and non-invasively, from blood (or serum or plasma), saliva, buccal swabs, stool, urine, etc. Detection technologies have advanced tremendously over the last decades, including techniques such as next-generation sequencing, nanotechnology, or methods to study circulating tumor DNA/RNA or exosomes. Clinical applications of biomarkers are extensive. They can be used as tools for cancer risk assessment, screening and early detection of cancer, accurate diagnosis, patient prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and cancer surveillance and monitoring response. Therefore, they can help to optimize making decisions in clinical practice. Moreover, precision oncology is needed for newly developed targeted therapies, as they are functional only in patients with specific cancer genetic mutations, and biomarkers are the tools used for the identification of these subsets of patients. Improvement in the field of cancer biomarkers is, however, needed to overcome the scientific challenge of developing new biomarkers with greater sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.

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“…Thus, diagnostic biomarkers are required to screen and also classify BC patients. On the other hand, prognostic biomarkers are needed to predict the patient’s survival [ 217 , 218 ]. Although earlier studies on biomarkers have been mainly focused on non-epigenetic molecular mechanisms, recent studies have also evaluated the potential of epigenetic marks in both solid and liquid biopsies from breast cancer patients [ 219 ].…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Novel Strategies For Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances of Epigenetic Biomarkers and Epigenome Editing for Early Diagnosis in Breast Cancer

Sarvari

Ramírez-Díaz

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Epigenetic modifications are known to regulate cell phenotype during cancer progression, including breast cancer. Unlike genetic alterations, changes in the epigenome are reversible, thus potentially reversed by epi-drugs. Breast cancer, the most common cause of cancer death worldwide in women, encompasses multiple histopathological and molecular subtypes. Several lines of evidence demonstrated distortion of the epigenetic landscape in breast cancer. Interestingly, mammary cells isolated from breast cancer patients and cultured ex vivo maintained the tumorigenic phenotype and exhibited aberrant epigenetic modifications. Recent studies indicated that the therapeutic efficiency for breast cancer regimens has increased over time, resulting in reduced mortality. Future medical treatment for breast cancer patients, however, will likely depend upon a better understanding of epigenetic modifications. The present review aims to outline different epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs with their impact on breast cancer, as well as to discuss studies highlighting the central role of epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer pathogenesis. We propose new research areas that may facilitate locus-specific epigenome editing as breast cancer therapeutics.

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Integrating Molecular Biomarker Inputs Into Development and Use of Clinical Cancer Therapeutics

Cited by 19 publications

References 68 publications

Harnessing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Against Gastric Cancer: Charting the Course to Expanded Therapeutic Benefit

Harnessing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Against Gastric Cancer: Charting the Course to Expanded Therapeutic Benefit

Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer

Advances of Epigenetic Biomarkers and Epigenome Editing for Early Diagnosis in Breast Cancer

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