Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions

Toub, Mohamed; Reddy, Chethan R.; Robinett, Rush D.; Shahbakhti, Mahdi

doi:10.3390/en14030730

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…The state of charge (SOC) of the TES system is estimated as follows: 18

{SOC}_{k + 1}^{TES} = {SOC}_{k}^{TES} + \frac{\sum_{k}^{k + 1} false({\overset{Q}{true}}_{{COL}_{k}} prefix- {\overset{Q}{true}}_{{TES}_{k}} false) prefix\times normalΔ t}{C_{TES}},

where

{\dot{Q}}_{TES}

is the thermal power transmitted from the hot tank to the ORC engine, and

C_{TES}

is the thermal capacity of the TES system.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Figure 12 indicates that in the best‐case scenario, the building will manage to save up to 82% of its energy cost while in the worst‐case scenario the cost‐saving will fall to 64%. Note that the cost‐savings are calculated by reference to the energy cost of the building with MicroCSP integration using rule‐based control taken from our previous work 18 . It is worth mentioning that the values of the building ramp‐up and ramp‐down remain below 88 kW/h and

-

89 kW/h, respectively.…”

Section: Impact Of Lmp and Weather Condition Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solar‐assisted HVAC systems can be categorized, based on the solar technologies utilized, into three categories: (i) the PV‐assisted HVAC systems that feed electricity directly to the HVAC equipment, (ii) the solar thermal‐assisted HVAC systems that can provide heating to partially fulfill the building thermal load, and (iii) the concentrated solar power (CSP)‐assisted HVAC systems that cogenerate both electricity and heat 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) reported that, when combined with thermal energy storage (TES), micro‐scale CSP (MicroCSP) systems, with nominal power up to 1 MW, can act like controllable loads providing ancillary services to support the power grid 19 . Still, the MicroCSP technology has not reached the level of maturity of the PV technology; hence, there are very few applications of MicroCSP‐assisted HVAC systems in the literature 18,20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Building‐to‐grid optimal control of integrated MicroCSP and building HVAC system for optimal demand response services

Toub

Robinett

Shahbakhti

2022

Optim Control Appl Methods

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The world is shifting toward cleaner and more sustainable power generation to face the challenges of climate change. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydraulic are now the go-to technologies for the new power generation system. However, these sources are highly intermittent and introduce uncertainty to the power grid which affects its frequency and voltage and could jeopardize its stable operations. The integration of micro-scale concentrated solar power (MicroCSP) and thermal energy storage with the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system gives the building greater leeway to control its loads which can allow it to support the power grid by providing demand response (DR) services. Indeed, the optimal control of the power flowing between the MicroCSP, the HVAC system, and the thermal zones can bring additional degrees of freedom to the building which can be relegated to the power grid based on the objective function and the incentives provided by the latter. This article presents an in-depth investigation of the MicroCSP potential to provide ancillary services to the power grid. It focuses on evaluating the effect of incentives provided by the power grid on the building participation to the load following programs. It also demonstrates how the MicroCSP can help the building deal with constraints related to load peak shaving and ramp-rate reduction set by the power grid as part of long-term DR contracts. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to confront the results to prediction uncertainties of the energy prices and the weather conditions.

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“…The state of charge (SOC) of the TES system is estimated as follows: 18

{SOC}_{k + 1}^{TES} = {SOC}_{k}^{TES} + \frac{\sum_{k}^{k + 1} false({\overset{Q}{true}}_{{COL}_{k}} prefix- {\overset{Q}{true}}_{{TES}_{k}} false) prefix\times normalΔ t}{C_{TES}},

where

{\dot{Q}}_{TES}

is the thermal power transmitted from the hot tank to the ORC engine, and

C_{TES}

is the thermal capacity of the TES system.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

-

89 kW/h, respectively.…”

Section: Impact Of Lmp and Weather Condition Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Building‐to‐grid optimal control of integrated MicroCSP and building HVAC system for optimal demand response services

Toub

Robinett

Shahbakhti

2022

Optim Control Appl Methods

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lately, in residential and commercial buildings, energy consumption has escalated firmly. The main reason for this was due to the HVAC systems in those buildings [12,13]. HVAC accounts for almost 50 to 82% of the energy, of which 40% of the world's overall final energy is spent in buildings [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery in Air Conditioning Systems: Comprehensive Review, Classifications, Critical Analysis, and Potential Recommendations

et al. 2021

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Energy has become the backbone of humanities daily activities. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), which consume around 39% of energy in the residential sector, have turned into an essential constituent for providing fresh air, especially after COVD-19, not only in hospitals but also in any simple construction. Thus, decreasing this percentage or recovering part of the energy lost is an essential issue in today’s energy management scenarios. In this context, the present manuscript suggests a comprehensive review, classifications, critical analysis, and potential recommendations for energy recovery in air conditioning systems. It classifies energy recovery into two main categories: using lost energy for external uses, such as heating domestic water, or with other devices; and using lost energy for internal uses, such as the hot airflow which can be reused again for increasing efficiency of HVAC. In addition, this paper presents a summary of previous research and undertakes a review of the devices used for recovering energy. Furthermore, this review identifies superior devices in terms of climate and weather conditions. These objectives are accomplished by investigating around 190 published papers to conclude that energy recovery devices show a considerable effect on energy consumption in HVAC, mainly the heat pipe, fixed plate, and rotary wheel devices.

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Exploring the role of the Internet of Things in green buildings

Fakhabi,

Hamidian,

Aliehyaei

2024

Energy Science & Engineering

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The global energy crisis has been one of the significant challenges for decades, threatening the global economy, and the health of our environment. The government's efforts to enhance the welfare and lifestyle of citizens have been partially undermined by a significant rise in energy intensity, resulting in increased energy consumption. Over the years, researchers have utilized historical energy consumption data to enhance energy efficiency through various technologies. Innovative smart technologies drive energy efficiency, reducing energy usage throughout all areas of the energy industry, from production and supply to consumption. This creates a balance in all sectors and indicates a decrease in energy demand in all areas of building infrastructure. Green buildings that utilize Internet of Things (IoT) technology employ sensors and software to collect data, optimizing, and enhancing building performance. This includes reducing energy and electricity consumption, improving air quality, and optimizing lighting throughout the day. These buildings can contribute to reaching zero‐energy building targets. It becomes challenging to manage green buildings without using centralized control. Therefore, managing and integrating these buildings with intelligent technologies is vital in achieving environmentally friendly management. This study offers a broad overview of the green building concept and explores the use of the green IoT in enhancing services and conserving energy within green buildings. The article aims to deliver an extensive review of green buildings and their advantages, analyze the technology behind the IoT and its integration with solar panels to lower energy consumption, and ultimately identify the challenges present in this area of research.

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Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions

Cited by 13 publications

References 98 publications

Building‐to‐grid optimal control of integrated MicroCSP and building HVAC system for optimal demand response services

Building‐to‐grid optimal control of integrated MicroCSP and building HVAC system for optimal demand response services

Energy Recovery in Air Conditioning Systems: Comprehensive Review, Classifications, Critical Analysis, and Potential Recommendations

Exploring the role of the Internet of Things in green buildings

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