Integration of datasets from different analytical techniques to assess the impact of nutrition on human metabolome

Abstract

Bacteria colonizing the human intestinal tract exhibit a high phylogenetic diversity that reflects their immense metabolic potentials. The catalytic activity of gut microbes has an important impact on gastrointestinal (GI) functions and host health. The microbial conversion of carbohydrates and other food components leads to the formation of a large number of compounds that affect the host metabolome and have beneficial or adverse effects on human health. Metabolomics is a metabolic-biology system approach focused on the metabolic responses understanding of living systems to physio-pathological stimuli by using multivariate statistical data on human body fluids obtained by different instrumental techniques. A metabolomic approach based on an analytical platform could be able to separate, detect, characterize and quantify a wide range of metabolites and its metabolic pathways. This approach has been recently applied to study the metabolic changes triggered in the gut microbiota by specific diet components and diet variations, specific diseases, probiotic and synbiotic food intake. This review describes the metabolomic data obtained by analyzing human fluids by using different techniques and particularly Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Solid-phase Micro Extraction (GC-MS/SPME), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. This instrumental approach has a good potential in the identification and detection of specific food intake and diseases biomarkers.

Environmentally-related genotypic, phenotypic and metabolic diversity of oat (Avena sativa L.) landraces based on 67 Polish accessions

“…The grains of oats are superior among other cereals due to relatively high content of lipids, health beneficial lipid and protein composition, the high betaglucan to arabinoxylan ratio and the abundance of various phytonutrients that renders them valuable source of dietary compounds (Araus and Cairns 2014;Banaś et al 2007;Biel et al 2009;Kueger et al 2012;Loskutov and Rines 2011;Vernocchi et al 2011;Vilmane et al 2015). Exploration of natural variability in these traits is important for the selection of valuable gene donors for breeding oriented to improved grain quality.…”

Metabolômica: Definições, Estado-Da-Arte E Aplicações Representativas

“…Estudos da evolução, fisiologia e bioquímica desses organismos estão intimamente relacionados aos sistemas biológicos e assim, a metabolômica, juntamente com as outras ciências ômicas, tem um papel fundamental na compreensão dos fenômenos biológicos ocorridos na microbiologia. 170 A metabolômica tem sido aplicada a organismos microbianos, especialmente estudos relacionados ao metabolismo da microbiota intestinal [171][172][173][174][175] 187 e busca por alimentos funcionais, como os probióticos. 188,189 Um segmento novo e que vem sendo explorado na indústria e estudado pelas ciências ômicas é o processo de biolixiviação, que consiste na conversão de metais, frutos de rejeitos industriais, catalisada por microorganismos.…”

The genomics of micronutrient requirements

“…Examples include a web-based dietary recall for children, mobile phone photography to instantly record consumed foods, a mobile phone application to record intake with voice recognition, and a wearable device to take pictures of food through image recognition (NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI) 2013-http://tinyurl.com/oh5lh3v). These innovations, along with improvements in biomarkers of dietary intake including metabolomics and other techniques (Vernocchi et al 2012;Lloyd et al 2013), hold promise for contributing to improved dietary assessment through advanced technology (Tucker et al 2013).…”