Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs

Abstract

Plants and other multicellular organisms consist of many types of specialized cells. Systems-wide exploration of large-scale information from singe cell level is essential to understand how cell works. Root hairs, tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells, play important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, in the interaction with microbe, and in plant anchorage, and represent an ideal model to study the biology of a single cell type. Single cell sampling combined with omics approaches has been applied to study plant root hairs. This review emphasizes the integration of omics approaches towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs, unraveling the common and plant species-specific properties of root hairs, as well as the concordance of protein and transcript abundance. Understanding plant root hair biology by mining the integrated omics data will provide a way to know how a single cell differentiates, elongates, and functions, which might help molecularly modify crops for developing sustainable agriculture practices.

Complexity and specificity of the maize (Zea mays L.) root hair transcriptome

“…Genes involved in cell differentiation and root hair initiation might not be expressed in elongating root hairs such as those collected in this study (Wang et al , 2016). In contrast, in Arabidopsis, root hair cells including early trichoblasts were collected for downstream analyses (Lan et al , 2013).…”

“…Transcriptome and proteome studies are useful tools for advancing understanding of root hair function (Hossain et al , 2015; Wang et al , 2016). In Arabidopsis, a transcriptomic study identified a set of 208 ‘core’ root epidermal genes (Bruex et al , 2012).…”

Nod Factor Effects on Root Hair-Specific Transcriptome of Medicago truncatula: Focus on Plasma Membrane Transport Systems and Reactive Oxygen Species Networks

“…The multiple and essential functions of the root hair clearly establish this cell type as a system biology model to investigate plant cell development, uptake of water and nutrients, and response to abiotic and biotic signals. Indeed, a number of genome-wide studies have been published using root hairs from several model and crop plants (Hossain et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). The present paper is conceived as a contribution to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the roles of root hairs in legumes.…”

Analysis of differentially expressed genes induced by drought stress in tef (Eragrostistef) root

“…This protein was involved in the metabolic pathways to regulate plants under drought stress (Rao et al, 2017). GTP binding proteins are up-regulated under drought stress and are involved in the root hair formation (Wang et al, 2016). In tef root, these genes were up-regulated and the morphology of tef roots under drought stress had less root hair development (Figure 1, Figure 6).…”