“…27 Previously, it was reported that activation of Rap1 also plays a key role in integrin mediated inside-out signaling, increases cell adhesion, and is involved in the formation of focal adhesions, cell junction and cell proliferation. 9,28 Rap1 localization in the cell is responsible for activation; it is also localized to the plasma membrane. 29 We have observed that out of 11 genes, eight genes, Rap1a, PKA, Nanog, ERK5/MAPK7, Oct-4, Rap1b, Epac1, and Con-43 were significantly upregulated, while Epac2, JNK/MAPK8, and ERK/MAPK1,…”