Intellectual Property and Higher Education: Challenges and Conflicts

Abstract

Intellectual property has become a highly coveted asset that can potentially reap a financial windfall for the owner who exploits its utility. Higher education has focused on the discovery of new knowledge, which can translate into intellectual property, but legislation, higher education policy, and/or contractual engagement may dictate ownership or opportunities for ownership of intellectual property by those involved in the discovery process. The dissemination of new knowledge acquired in the discovery of intellectual property may be limited for purposes of protection of commercial development. At the same time, higher education is becoming more involved in the oversight of technology transfer, oversight that includes seeking funding for academic research by private investors, licensing of intellectual property, and serving as a liaison for economic development for local communities. Because of the investment of time and resources in the development of intellectual property, a discovery may result in conflict over ownership, which may, in turn, lead to litigation. The complexity of the overall process of academic discovery moving into commercialization is fraught with challenges and potential conflict.

Milli Teknoloji Hamlesinde Fikri Mülkiyet ve Sınai Hakların Önemi: Türkiye’de Son Yıllarda Eğitim Alanında Yapılan İyileştirmeler

“…Fikri mülkiyet ve sınai haklar, üretim teknolojilerinde yaşanan değişimin yol açtığı dönüşümde ülkelerin sahip olduğu en önemli kaynaklar arasında bulunmaktadır. Fikri mülkiyet, en genel tanımıyla "insan zihniyle geliştirilen özgün, yenilikçi ve piyasada değer yaratabilecek her türlü ürün" şeklinde ifade edilmektedir (Van Dusen, 2013). Dolayısıyla fikri mülkiyet birçok unsuru içeren geniş bir kavramdır; söz konusu ürün bir fikir, buluş, madde, yazılım, patent vb.…”

“…Dolayısıyla fikri mülkiyet birçok unsuru içeren geniş bir kavramdır; söz konusu ürün bir fikir, buluş, madde, yazılım, patent vb. birçok farklı formatta olabilir (Van Dusen, 2013). Fikri mülkiyetin çerçevesindeki bu esneklik bir seçimden ziyade bir zorunluluktur, zira ifade edilen yenilikçi özellikler düşüncede esnekliği gerektirmektedir.…”

The Intellectual Property and Industrial Rights in the National Technology Initiative: Recent Educational Improvements in Türkiye

“…IPR is among the most important resources that countries can use in recent technological transformations. IPR is expressed as "any kind of product developed with the human mind that is original, innovative and can create value in the labor market," (Van Dusen, 2013). Therefore, IPR is a comprehensive concept including diverse elements; an idea, invention, substance, software, patent, etc.…”

“…Therefore, IPR is a comprehensive concept including diverse elements; an idea, invention, substance, software, patent, etc. (Van Dusen, 2013). This flexibility of the IPR framework is a necessity rather than a choice since the innovative features require cognitive flexibility.…”

Institutional Plagiarism Policy (Georgian higher education institutions’ case)

“…On the one hand, nowadays higher education is becoming more research-oriented (Van Dusen, 2013). Research is moving to universities, for instance, over two thirds of research done in Australian universities attract both governmental and private funding (Group of Eight, 2012).…”