Intelligent Molybdenum Disulfide Complexes as a Platform for Cooperative Imaging‐Guided Tri‐Mode Chemo‐Photothermo‐Immunotherapy

Abstract

Design of new nanoplatforms that integrates multiple imaging and therapeutic components for precision cancer nanomedicine remains to be challenging. Here, a facile strategy is reported to prepare polydopamine (PDA)-coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoflakes as a nanocarrier to load dual drug cisplatin (Pt) and 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT) for precision tumor theranostics. Preformed MoS 2 nanoflakes are coated with PDA, modified with methoxy-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-amine, and loaded with 1-MT and Pt. The formed functional 1-MT-Pt-PPDA@MoS 2 (the second P stands for PEG) complexes exhibit good colloidal stability and photothermal conversion efficiency (47.9%), dual pH-, and photothermal-sensitive drug release profile, and multimodal thermal, computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging capability. Due to the respective components of Pt, MoS 2 , and 1-MT that can block the immune checkpoint associated to tumoral indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-induced tryptophan metabolism, tri-mode chemo-photothermo-immunotherapy of tumors can be realized. In particular, under the near infrared laser irradiation, fast release of both drugs can be facilitated to achieve cooperative tumor therapy effect, and the combined immunogenic cell death induced by the dual-mode chemo-photothermo treatment and the 1-MT-induced immune checkpoint blockade can boost enhanced antitumor immune response to generate significant cytotoxic T cells for tumor killing. The developed 1-MT-Pt-PPDA@MoS 2 complexes may be used as an intelligent nanoplatform for cooperative precision imaging-guided combinational tumor therapy.

68Ga-labeled dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for PET/CT dual-modality imaging and immunotherapy of tumors

“…To verify the immune response trigged by the above immunotherapy, T cells in the tumor site were extracted and analyzed according to our previous research methods. 33 CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are essential players in tumor immunity. CD8+ T cells can induce cell death and tumor clearance mainly through the perforin-granzyme and Fas–Fas ligand pathways, and CD4+ T cells will maintain and enhance anti-tumor responses as CD8+ T cells facilitators.…”

Surface Membrane Coating as a Versatile Platform for Modifying Antitumor Nanoparticles

“…137 As a result, incorporation of NH 4 HCO 3 in PDA coating can effectively enhance the drug release efficacy. 137 PDA membrane coating can be further modified by folic acid (FA), 138−142 peptides, 143−145 metal ions, 146,147 HA, 134,148 antibodies, 149 and other functional groups 150 for diverse functional applications.…”

Tumor cell membrane-camouflaged responsive nanoparticles enable MRI-guided immuno-chemodynamic therapy of orthotopic osteosarcoma

“…For example, Fu and co-workers constructed a CoFe 2 O 4 nanoflower applied on augmented sonodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy for the enhancement of immune responses [ 11 ]. Hu et al developed 1-MT-Pt-PPDA@MoS 2 nanosystems for the combined chemo/photothermal treatment-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the 1-MT-induced immune checkpoint blockade [ 12 ]. Ginsenoside is a kind of sterol compound, which is regarded as the active ingredient in ginseng.…”